ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05030.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05031.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Precise and unbiased quantitation of the key element of nervous tissue has solved some long‐standing problems in neuroscience and the new stereological methods are now very efficient tools for experimental testing of new (and old!) ideas and concepts. Technically, the “zipless” combination of new stereological methods with certain essential principles for observation and recognition is only beginning to be

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05032.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The recently developed method of total vertical projections is illustrated to estimate the total dendritic length of a human Substantia Nigra neuron. Next, the length of the different orders of dendritic branches, and the mean segment length for each order ‐ commonly regarded as important parameters in neuron physiology ‐ are also estimated. Finally, it is shown how to estimate the mean dendritic length in a population of neurons from vertical slices of arbitrary and unknown thickness. Being unbiased and highly efficient, the proposed methods offer interesting alternatives to current procedures used for the metric analysis of neuron arborizati

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05033.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The complex organization and high density of nerve cells in the human brain presents a challenge to the estimation of total cell numbers. The first unbiased counting method, the disector, was described in 1984 and has since made it possible to accurately count total neuron numbers in any region that can be defined, while excluding artifacts of earlier counting methods. The disector method has been applied to normal neocortex and to four subcortical brain regions from schizophrenics and controls. The total neuron number in neocortex in 26 normal individuals was estimated to be 25·109. A 40 and 50% reduction of total nerve cell number was found in the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and nucleus accumbens in schizophrenics, respectively. Furthermore, the Cavalieri principle has been used to estimate the volume of human cortex, white matter, central grey regions and the volume of the ventricular system in both controls and schizophrenics. As shown by these studies, the introduction of unbiased stereological methods and subsequent modifications in recent years have made it possible to estimate a number of parameters in the human brain without the biases included in most classical works. By comparison, earlier conventional counting methods have been relatively time consuming, mostly biased to a smaller or larger degree, and generally less precise. The application of these new neurostereological methods will undoubtedly provide greater confidence for future brain studies

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05034.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The quantitative stereological method is applied to a study of the number of neurons in three different areas in the brains of an animal model, the Mongolian gerbil. The simplicity and accuracy of the method is emphasized. The usefulness of the method and the model is mentioned especially focusing on the major disabling disease in the Western world today, cerebrovascular disorders. Some results are presented to give an idea of the maximum number of neurons in these animals within the delineation of the brain areas here applied.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A new unbiased stereological estimator, the rotator, was used to estimate the mean volume of pigmented substantia nigra (SN) neurons in three Parkinson's disease (PD) brains and agematched controls. Average pigmented neuron volume was 31300 μm3(5200) in controls and 28900 μm3(120) in patients. Estimating theabsolutesize distribution, revealed that PD patients had ≈ 80% less total SN pigmented volume than controls. Compared with biased methods, in addition to dramatic improvements in efficiency and accuracy, results obtained by the unbiased rotator suggest that primarily the largest pigmented neurons in SN are lost in

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05036.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A recent interest in aging of the nervous system is related to the remarkable increase in the numbers of elderly persons throughout the world. As a reflection of the added years, pathologies in the older person have also increased. Primary among those which affect the activities and behavior of these people are the dementias, especially Alzheimer's Disease. To focus on such problems, however, requires an understanding of the changes which take place in the normal aging nervous system. This paper reviews some of the accepted criteria for these changes as well as the possible attempts by the nervous system to alter its structure in response to these changes.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05037.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Uridine and other nucleic acids form part of RNA, DNA, coenzymes, second messengers, etc. Uridine uptake in nerve cells is an expression of neuronal RNA synthesis. More knowledge of uridine functions in neurones may give a better understanding of mechanisms underlying dementia, and they could be useful in treating brain tumors. Pakkenberg and co‐workers have studied the uridine uptake in the brains of mice and monkeys under various conditions (after hypoxia, after carbon‐dioxide treatment, after MPTP treatment, after electrostimulation, etc.) and the results are correlated with other biological brain paramet

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY