ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04540.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT‐Variations of substrate transport across the cerebral capillary endothelium were examined in response to variations of the substrate demand of the brain tissue, and to variations of substrate concentration in the blood. The substrates examined included glucose and ketone bodies. The transport changes were measured in rats, using an indicator fractionation method modified by the reviewer.Four mechanisms appeared to contribute to the adjustment of substrate transport to variations in substrate demand. The first and least important mechanism was the change of concentration gradient across the endothelium that occurred when the substrate consumption rate changed. The second mechanism was the flow‐dependency of the average capillary substrate concentration: the higher the perfusion rate, the higher the average capillary concentration. This mechanism failed to account for the changes of substrate transport observed during marked increases of the metabolic rate.The third and most important mechanism was a change of the capillary diffusion capacity, probably associated with a change of the number of perfused capillaries.The fourth mechanism, not previously described, was an adaptation of transport to permanent changes of substrate concentration in the blood. This mechanism appeared to reflect changes of the concentration (and affinity?) of transport proteins in the plasma membranes of endothelial cells, possibly in association with changes of cellular protein synthesis and gene express

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04541.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT‐Electromyography was performed, and motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities were measured in 19 patients definitely affected by Friedreich's ataxia. Biopsy of the sural nerve was also performed in 9 patients.Most patients presented a moderate to severe loss of motor units, a significant increase in mean duration of motor unit potentials, and in the incidence of polyphasic potentials. Short‐lasting spontaneous activity was rarely seen. Conduction velocity along the motor and sensory fibres of the median and tibial nerves was moderately slowed, while distal conduction time to muscle was significantly increased and the sensory orthodromicallyevoked response markedly reduced. Intraoperative electrophysiological recordings obtained during biopsy of the sural nerve in 4 patients were consistent with the changes conventionally observed in the median, tibial and sural (6 patients) nerves.Quantitative histology revealed a reduced number of total myelinated fibres with a severe loss of large fibres, and a moderate loss of fibres of less than 7 μm in diameter. In teased nerve fibre preparations, the most evident abnormality consisted of fibres with uniformly short internodal length, while signs of remyelination were less prominent. Signs of active axonal degeneration were rarely observed in electron microscopy.Electrophysiological and histological findings were uniformly distributed, and the changes were neither related to the duration nor to the severity of the clinical condi

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04542.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT‐Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was diagnosed in 36 patients in Middle‐Finland Central Hospital District during 1976–1981. The annual incidence of ALS was 2.4 per 100,000 population and the prevalence rate was 6.4 per 100,000 population. The age‐specific incidences of ALS were similar for men and women with a maximum of 14/100,000/year in the age group 60–69 years. The initial symptoms originated in 37% of the patients from bulbar and in 63% from spinal levels. Bulbar onset was more common in patients aged 60 years or more compared with younger patients. Patients with bulbar onset had a significantly poorer prognosis than those with spinal onset, which explained the poorer prognosis of older patients.4 matched controls were chosen for each ALS patient from the files of the Central Hospital. There was no difference between the patients and the controls with respect to previous injuries, surgical operations, malignant neoplasms, or exposure to domestic animals. An earlier observation that evacuees from Karelia ceded to USSR after World War II should have a prevalence twice that of the remaining population was not subs

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04543.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT‐THIP (Lu 2–030) is pharmacologically a specific and potent GABA‐receptor‐agonist which in animal studies depresses monosynaptic and, to a smaller extent, polysynaptic spinal relflexes. 5 spastic patients were investigated by means of neurophysiological tests comparing the acute effect of a single oral dose of THIP (15–25 mg) to “the test situation without drug administration” with an interval of 2 days. The neurophysiological tests included quantitative studies of proprioceptive reflexes (T‐reflex, vibratory inhibition of the T‐reflex, resistance to passive movement of a spastic muscle and clonus) and of the flexor reflex (threshold and latency). The voluntary power was measured by a static technique. THIP clearly reduced the monosynaptic T‐reflex and reinforced vibratory inhibition of the IAmonosynaptic pathway. The flexor reflex threshold was slightly increased during THIP administration, but the changes were not significant. Flexor reflex latency, resistance to passive movement, clonus and voluntary p

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04544.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT‐Lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood (PB) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 26 children affected with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and from 13 controls with various neurological diseases without any immunological implication were examined for surface markers. SSPE patients were found to have significantly lower %s of E‐rosette forming cells (RFC) (T lymphocytes) and of EA‐RFC (TG lymphocytes, suppressor T cells) in both CSF and PB. No difference was found in EAC‐RFC (B lymphocytes) either in CSF or PB. The low EA‐RFC values can be explained by genetic factors, immune complexes or virus infection, and they could account for the hypersynthesis of oligoclonal immunoglobulins in the central nervous system.Longitudinal studies performed in 6 SSPE patients during isoprinosine therapy revealed a time‐dependent decrement of the %s of E‐ and EA‐RFC in CSF. It cannot be affirmed whether this is related to the disease or

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04545.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book Review in this ArticleHans C. Lou: Developmental neurology.Clinical Neurosurgery. Proceedings of the Congress of Neurological Surgery.Klaus Poeck: Klinische Neuropsychologie.Epilepsy and Psychiatry. Ed. by E. H. Reynolds&M. R. Trimble.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04546.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY