摘要:

ABSTRACTA method for quantitative evaluation of the ankle stretch reflex in man has been developed. The method includes recording of the mechanical and electrical stimulus intensity and of the electrical and mechanical reflex response. In addition, it offers the possibility of reflex latency recording. The size of the tendon tap was recorded by a reflex hammer incorporating an accelerometer which converts the retardation force, experienced by the hammer head when it strikes the tendon, to an electrical signal. The output signal has a linear relationship with the moment of force imposed upon the tendon‐muscle system by the tap and can therefore be used as an indicator of muscle stretch. The strength of the electrical stimulus was estimated in milliamperes by the voltage drop across a serial resistor in the stimulating circuit. The electrical reflex response was recorded by surface electrodes over the triceps surae muscle, and the best recording electrode placement was determined. The reflex contraction was recorded by a general purpose myograph allowing isotonic as well as isometric recordings. The method described is easy to use, is not painful to the patient, and offers considerable precision and accuracy in ankle reflex recordin

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1971.tb07461.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1971.tb07519.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1971.tb07520.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1971.tb07521.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study was to examine whether increased fusimotor activity prevails in spasticity and Parkinsonian rigidity. Groups of 15 spastics, 15 Parkinsonian rigid patients, and 15 normal subjects were studied by phasic mechanical and electrical stimulation of the ankle reflex. The following three parameters were determined: (1) the stimulus threshold, (2) the stimulus intensity required to elicit a maximal reflex potential, and (3) the maximal amplitude of the reflex response. The effect of the reinforcement manoeuvre on these reflex parameters was also recorded. An experimental selective nerve block was performed in eight spastics, four Parkinsonian patients, and seven normals.—In spasticity all tests showed an increased stretch reflex activity on mechanical but not on electrical stimulation as compared with normals, indicating an increased fusimotor activity of the dynamic sensitive muscle spindles in spasticity. Some, but not all, of the Parkinsonians showed an increase of the mechanically elicited stretch reflex activity.—The effect of the reinforcement procedure was in normals an increase in ankle reflex activity on mechanical but not on electrical stimulation, indicating that the mechanism of the reinforcement is an increased fusimotor drive. In spastics, the manoeuvre added little to the mechanical sensitivity of the reflex, compatible with the assumption that in these patients there already exists an increased fusimotor activity. In Parkinsonians, the reduced, although clear, effect of the reinforcement manoeuvre, compared to normals, is compatible with a moderate increase in fusimotor activity in these patients.—Selective nerve block produced, in all eight spastics, a reduction of the increased ankle reflex activity, without involving the alpha motor or Ia afferent nerve fibres. This result suggests a high fusimotor drive in these patients. A similar but less pronounced effect was obtained in some, but not all Parkinsonian patients and in normal subjects.—The presence also of an increased alpha moto‐neurone excitability in spastics emerged from an increased ratio in spastics, compared to normals, of the maximal reflex to the maximal direct muscular response to mixed nerve stimulation.—The myograms did not reveal any significant difference in muscular properties between the t

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1971.tb07462.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1971.tb07522.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1971.tb07523.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe activation of amino acids in the brain by sRNA synthetases was studied in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. The results obtained lead to the following conclusions: (1) In the early period of the experimental disease (12 days after inoculation) in both the white and gray cerebral matter, a marked increase of the rate of activation of several amino acids was found. (2) Increased activities of sRNA synthetases, although insignificantly lower, were also observed in the preparalytical period of EAE before the appearance of any inflammatory signs in the brain. (3) During the paralytic period, only the activation rates of asparagine, glutamic acid, and phenylalanine were increased in the cerebral tissue. (4) The immunological reaction in EAE provoked alterations in the activity of the enzymatic system responsible for protein biosynthesis in the cerebral tissue.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1971.tb07463.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTNeurological symptoms in achondroplasia are described and discussed on the basis of two cases. In one case there was a congenital hydrocephalus, probably caused by changes of the bones at the base of the skull and pronounced basilar impression. Before puberty the patient had repeated acute attacks of increased intracranial pressure, provoked by slight head injuries and infections. After puberty a slowly progressive spastic paraparesis developed, combined with peripheral symptoms. Gas myelography revealed a very narrow subarachnoid space. In the second case a rapidly progressive bilateral lumbosacral rhizopathy developed at the age of 50 years, and oil myelography showed a total lumbar block. The technique of myelography and the types of therapy in achondroplasia are discussed.

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1971.tb07464.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTMeasurements of vibratory perception threshold were performed under ischaemic conditions on 34 occasions in patients with high, normal, or low calcium levels in blood. The results clearly showed that sensory nerves retained their function longer than normal in the hypercalcaemic state and shorter than normal in the hypocalcaemic state. Resistance to ischaemia has previously been found in diabetes, uraemia, and pernicious anaemia and ascribed to the demyelination of nerves found under these conditions. However, a generalized connection between demyelinating disease and resistance to ischaemia could not be verified by investigation of two patients with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth's dise

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1971.tb07465.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY