摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study was to characterize the initial vascular events accompanying cortical spreading depression (CSD) of the rat brain. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured during the first 1–2 min of CSD using14C‐iodoantipyrine autoradiography. The material included a reference group, and 4 groups where rCBF was altered by indomethacin treatment, hypo‐ or hypercapnia, or one previous episode of CSD. rCBF did not change prior to, or during the onset of CSD. Thirty seconds later, rCBF increased depending on the pre‐existing level of blood flow, i.e. the rise of rCBF was pronounced at depressed flow levels, but small or absent at normal or high flow levels. The prevalent view that CSD is intimately associated with vasodilatation was accordingly not supported. The activated rCBF in normocapnic rats ranged between 93 and 175 ml/100g/min, supra normal values were the exception rather than the rule. The rCBF rise, when present, probably succeeds a period of brain hypoxia, and should be classified as a reactive hyperfusion. The results together with earlier clinical and experimental findings, support that CSD may serve as experimental migrain

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07881.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07942.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07943.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07940.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—One hundred and forty‐four patients with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) were selected from within a defined area (Cantabria) in Northern Spain, from 1974 to 1984. The series comprises 49 index cases and 95 affected relatives. The prevalence ratio was 28.2 cases per 100.000. The results of the study indicate that the majority of cases were hereditary as a dominant trait. The prevalence for the Type I HMSN cases did not differ from that of Type II cases. Previous population‐surveys of these diso

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07882.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—In a Nigerian town with a stable population of 20.000, a door‐to‐door survey was conducted, using a questionnaire involving a complete census and a simple neurological evalution which had previously showed a 95% sensitivity and an 80% specificity for detecting neurological disease. Positive responders were evaluated and categorised, using agreed criteria for diagnoses. Nearly 100% cooperation was obtained. Life prevalence ratio for at least one episode of headache was 51/1000. Crude point prevalence ratio for migrainous headache was 5.3/100, and peak age‐specific ratio was in the first decade. Prevalence ratio for epilepsy was 533/100.000 and peak age‐specific prevalence ratio occurred in the 5–14 years age groups. The prevalence ratio for peripheral nerve disorders was 268/100.000, and age‐specific prevalence ratio for tropical neuropathy increased with age. Prevalece ratio for stroke was rather low at 58/100.000, but was probably due to the people's attitude to the disabled elderly and high mortality of stroke which showed annual mortality rate of 70/100.000 which increased with age to 1519/100.000 per year in the eighth decade. Crude prevalence ratios (cases per 100.000) for others are 112 for neurological complications (including sciatica) of spondylosis, 15 each for poliomyelitis, motor neurone disease, development speech disorders, 10 each for syncope, hereditary neuropathies. Parkinson's disease, benign essential tremor, primary cerebellar degeneration, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, organic psychosis (probable intracranial tumor) and 5 each for muscular dystrophy, pyomyositis, spina bifida occulta, alcohol dependence and cerebral malaria. The implications of the findings are important for development of community neurological services in the develop

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07883.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07944.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Thrombocyte monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and concentrations of 5‐hydroxyindole acetic acid (5‐HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were studied in patients with motor neuron disease (MND) and healthy controls. The MAO activity in MND (n = 32) did not differ from age and sex‐matched controls (n = 27) or from healthy relatives (n = 9) and no difference was found between advanced and mild cases. In an attemtp to explain divergent results from other studies, the effect of storage time on analysis of platelet concentration was studied in three healthy subjects and in three patients with MND. No difference was observed between the groups. No differences were found between the MND group (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 18) with regard to CSF levels of 5‐HIAA and HVA, except for an increase of 5‐HIAA among males with MND. The results of this study do not confirm earlier studies that have reported extensive changes in the variables analyzed in patien

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07884.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—BCNU (carmustine), 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) and Vidarabin‐mono‐phosphate (ARA‐A5'P) were compared in their activities against 30 cell lines of primary (n = 21) and metastatic (n = 9) brain tumors, which were characterized in tissue culture by cytochemical, immunological and cytogenetic criteria.In vivoachievable concentration‐time products were correlated within vitropharmacokinetic data. A micro assay was employed to screen for drug toxicity in individual tumor cell lines; cells were exposed to the drugs at exposure doses relevant toin vivopharmacokinetics. After 5–8 population doubling times of untreated controls, RNA‐synthesis, as a parameter of cell metabolism and proliferation, was determined by incorporation of (5, 6‐3H)‐uridine into cellular RNA (liquid scintillation counting protocol). A tumor stem cell assay was performed under similar conditions. The cytotoxic effect of each drug on individual cell lines was expressed in terms of a sensitivity index SI (SI = 1 indicating complete resistance) to compare effects of different drugs on the individual tumor cell lines. Mean sensitivity indices for ARA‐A5'P, BCNU and 5‐FU in brain tumor cell lines (in brackets: primary CNS‐tumors) were 0.64 (0.59), 0.89 (0.82) and 0.35 (0.33) respectively. 5‐FU was significantly more active than BCNU and ARA‐A5'P(P<0.001), whereas BCNU was significantly less active than ARA‐A5'P (P<0.001). ARA‐A5'P had a suppressive effect on formation of brain tumor stem cell colonies. There was no cross‐resistance of ARA‐A5'P to either BCNU or 5‐FU. We conclude that ARA‐A5'P and 5‐FU are potent agents in experimental ther

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07885.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—A newly identified spirochete,Borrelia burgdorferi, has recently been established as the causal agent of chronic meningoradiculitis (Bannwarth's syndrome, BS). An etiological diagnosis can be obtained by specific antibody determination. To detect intrathecally producedBorreliaantibodies, we examined paired serum and CSF samples from 10 BS patients and 41 controls. CSF/serum IgG specific antibody indices were calculated by relating the CSF/serum ratio of specific antibody activity to the CSF/serum ratio of total IgG and of albumin; 8/10 BS patients compared to 4/39 controls had elevated index values. In only one of the 4 positive controls could spirochetal infection be excluded. We conclude that determination of specific antibody indices is a reliable and sensitive diagnostic test for nervous systemB. burgdorferiinfectio

ISSN:0001-6314    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07886.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY