ISSN:0744-6020    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0744-6020    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0744-6020    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0744-6020    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0744-6020    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Genes are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the hereditary material of all nucleated cells. One way in which genes function is to direct the synthesis of specific proteins. When a gene is transferred to and expressed within a cell, the recipient cell produces the protein encoded by the transferred gene. This process forms the basis for gene therapy, which can be defined as the transfer of genes to patients for therapeutic purposes. Both genetic and acquired disorders may be treated, or even cured, by gene therapy. Potential orthopaedic applications include the treatment of arthritis, tumors, osteoporosis, and genetic diseases such as osteogenesis imperfecta, as well as the enhancement of tissue repair and regeneration. Impressive preclinical progress has been made in several of these areas. A phase I clinical trial of gene therapy for rheumatoid arthritis has just been completed. Orthopaedic gene therapy should become a clinical reality during the next decade.

ISSN:0744-6020    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;It is well known that traditional postoperative pain management techniques often fail to relieve pain in nearly 50% of postoperative patients. The etiology of poor pain management is rooted in the fears of addiction, overmedication, and the time associated with obtaining controlled substances and administering them to patients. Patients being treated with neuroaxial analgesia (epidural and intrathecal drug administration) are appearing more frequently on orthopaedic nursing units. It is therefore imperative that nurses are familiar with the care of patients with epidural catheters. This article discusses the relevant anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, contraindications, and complications associated with neuraxial analgesia, with special emphasis placed on the orthopaedic patient.

ISSN:0744-6020    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Many nurses have expressed an interest in conducting a nursing research project, but some have not had sufficient or recent exposure to the process of how to develop a research study. The nursing research process can be outlined using the nursing process steps of assessment, planning, intervention and evaluation. In the assessment phase the problem is identified, the literature is reviewed, and the variables are identified. In the planning phase the research question or hypothesis is formulated, and decisions are made on how the variables will be measured and how the sample will be chosen. In the intervention phase the data collection occurs; in the evaluation phase the data is analyzed and interpreted and the findings are communicated. By giving nurses a detailed yet understandable plan on how to conduct nursing research, their curiosity is encouraged and the body of knowledge will grow.

ISSN:0744-6020    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Children with cerebral palsy have tight, spastic muscles that often interfere with function, care, and, ultimately, quality of life. Until recently, treatment usually focused on the effects of the spasticity rather than the spasticity itself. Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy (ITB) administers a muscle‐relaxing agent directly into the intrathecal space; thereby decreasing the amount of spasticity the child exhibits. This article discusses cerebral palsy and a new treatment for spasticity, ITB, and the development of an ITB program.

ISSN:0744-6020    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Purpose:To describe the experiences and needs of patients and their spouses during hospitalization and recovery from either total hip or total knee arthroplasty.Design:Descriptive.Sample:A purposive sample of 5 patients and their spouses in one health sciences center.Methods:Qualitative study using a videotaped focus group interview.Findings:Content analysis revealed two perspectives of one theme: patients and their spouses need “help making transitions.” Situational and role transitions that were problematic for patients reflected distress over not being able to resume activities they enjoyed within an expected time frame. Incongruence between expectations and reality was the source of distress. As a consequence of role reversal, spouses experienced feelings of insecurity and being overwhelmed. Health and illness transitions that patients experienced were also related to incongruence between expectations of the recovery period and the reality that recovery is a slow process. Pain experienced during postdischarge recovery and rehabilitation, and problems encountered when applying information and skills learned in the hospital to the home setting were sources of concern.Conclusion:The needs and experiences of patients and spouses after total joint arthroplasty reflect transitional change — changes in roles, relationships, abilities, and behaviors. Health care professionals can facilitate transitions by providing education that reflects “best case‐worst case scenarios” so that expectations of the recovery process are realistic. By being the link between hospital and home, health care professionals can lend support to patients as they continue the recovery process. As a program evaluation strategy, focus groups provide useful information to health care professionals who are interested in the needs and expectations of health care consumers.Implications for Nursing Research:Further exploration of the needs of patients and their spouses following joint replacement surgery is warranted. Use of focus group methodology might provide additional insight into the needs of this population and suggest ways in which health care professionals can modify existing programs to help these patients and their spouses make the transitions.

ISSN:0744-6020    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID