ISSN:1077-3495    

DOI:10.1002/ijpg.6060010101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA decade ago China's population policy, and associated programmes, had many admirers. Although it was often argued that China's methods of reducing levels of fertility and population growth were not transferable to other countries, elements of the population programme were held up as examples to be followed. In recent years however there has been a sharp decline in support for the programme amongst the global community. Media coverage of the International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo (1994) exemplified this evolving distaste for the methods used to control population growth in China. This paper is an attempt to discover whether this change of perception is grounded in a proper understanding of the relevant facts and in a consistent application of ethical principles to the changing population policy. It brings together evidence on trends in fertility, population policy, the provision of family planning services, and socio‐economic influences on the demand for children, to clarify the complex and diverse demographic situation emerging in rural China. It then examines the conflict between policy and reproductive aspirations revealed by studies of ‘ideal family size’ and of rising reported sex ratios at birth. An ethical framework is then presented, and the consistency of two major critics of the policy/programme are examined through it. It is concluded that the One‐Child Family Policy, as it operated in the early 1990s, led to widespread adoption of out‐of‐plan babies and sex‐selective abortion. However, arguments against the need for any form of population control are unconvincing, and there is little evidence to suggest that alternative population control policies would be demographically effective or receive widespread popular support

ISSN:1077-3495    

DOI:10.1002/ijpg.6060010102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis review presents a probabilistic formulation of the decision making process, leading to a rigorous treatment of migration behaviour for projection purposes. These models are developed here at two different levels of aggregation. Aggregate‐level models may be applied to migration flows for which the objectively measured characteristics of areas of department and destination act as subjectively measured characteristics and stimuli. They generate quite different population projections than the usual Markov model: sustained cycles may appear or chaotic behaviour may even occur. Individual‐level models use event history methods of analysis to introduce a great variety of characteristics of the subject on the decision to move. They lead to projections using microsimulation models. A further step is taken in integrating macro‐ and microbehavioural models. The use of aggregate and individual characteristics simultaneously leads to more efficient and sophisticated projection models: the factors affecting behaviour at the micro‐level cannot be inferred from aggregate studies and con

ISSN:1077-3495    

DOI:10.1002/ijpg.6060010103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAmongst the key dimensions of population and labour market change in most parts of western Europe and other similar economies in the 1990s are low fertility rates, rising numbers of smaller households, increasing female participation rates, growth in higher level non‐manual occupations and the spread of flexible employment patterns. This paper explores how these trends have led to an increase in the number and significance of one particular subgroup: dual career households. An overview from available secondary sources of the geography and socio‐economic characteristics of such households in Britain is presented, and directions for possible future research on dual career households are outli

ISSN:1077-3495    

DOI:10.1002/ijpg.6060010104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article presents newly‐available migration data from the 1990 US census to assess immigration and internal migration components as they affect state poverty populations. New immigrant waves are heavily focused on only a few ‘port‐of‐entry’ states. It is suggested that these immigrants have begun to impact upon internal migration into and out of these ‘high immigration states’, and have also altered the national system of internal migration patterns. This article addresses three questions: How do the magnitudes of poverty population out‐migration from high immigration states compare with those of other states? Is this out‐migration selective on particular social and demographic groups? Is immigration a significant determinant of internal migration of the poor population?The results of this analysis are consistent with the view that recent, focused immigration is associated with out‐migration among a state's poor longer‐term residents. At the local level, there is a demographic displacement of low income residents by immigrants which involves more than just numbers of people. Rather, it involves a turnover of race, ethnic and skill‐level characteristics in the state's poor population that can impact upon race relations, public service requirements

ISSN:1077-3495    

DOI:10.1002/ijpg.6060010105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDebates concerning the origins and development of the late nineteenth‐ to early twentieth‐century declines in marital fertility and infant mortality in England and Wales have been centred largely on the material provided by answers to the ‘special’ questions in the 1911 Census. In their published form these figures have restricted researchers to an examination of large scale geographic and social class differences in the levels and rates of decline of the two phenomena. This paper outlines research conducted on a sample of individual census returns from the 1911 census. From this data it becomes clear that for Victorian and Edwardian England ‘where one lived’ was rather more important than ‘who one was’ in determining both family building strategies and the survival of thos

ISSN:1077-3495    

DOI:10.1002/ijpg.6060010106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1077-3495    

DOI:10.1002/ijpg.6060010107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1077-3495    

DOI:10.1002/ijpg.6060010108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1077-3495    

DOI:10.1002/ijpg.6060010109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1077-3495    

DOI:10.1002/ijpg.6060010110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY