摘要:

AbstractAn examination of our preconceptions about desire, together with a comparison of these with the available empirical evidence, leads to a theory in which desire is characterized as a cognitive phenomenon which is heavily influenced by social learning. Following an introductory outline, the second section clarifies what exactly is at issue in attempting to reduce conation to cognition. Section 3 assesses the conditions required for knowledge of our own desires, and this concern is extended in 4 to an appraisal of the role played by self‐knowledge in the process of change through psychotherapy. The concluding section argues that the Social‐cognitive Theory of Desire is compatible with contemporary neo‐Dar‐winian views of ev

ISSN:0021-8308    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5914.1994.tb00244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA philosophical account of personal identity ‐ in terms of the maintenance of fundamental beliefs, principles and commitments by spatiotemporally continuous particulars ‐ is sketched, an account which is able to incorporate a social and relational conception of personal identity, and thus serve as the basis for a social psychological theory of personal identity ‐ in terms of the pursuit of identity projects’within social collectives. Some implications of this theory are developed, concerning the relation between identity and individualism, responsibility and social labeling. The theory develops an account of the social constitution of personal identity that is consistent with a realist conception of social psychological theories of identity: as objective theoretical descriptions of the social dimensions of i

ISSN:0021-8308    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5914.1994.tb00245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents an integrative framework for analyzing decisions. Three generic modes of decision making are identified: consequential choice (comparing alternatives in terms of expected consequences), matching (evaluating single options in terms of a certain criterion) and reassessment (re‐evaluating an action to which one is already committed). The three generic modes are compared on a common set of attributes, and the conditions for their proper use are outlined. Two case analyses illustrate how the framework can be used to analyze specific decisions from multiple perspective

ISSN:0021-8308    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5914.1994.tb00246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree examples of theoretical analysis of evolutionary processes are presented. It is shown that the mechanisms involved have little to do with cognitive processes except for superficial and formal analogies. That is the case not only for classical models of adaptive evolution (example I), but also for more recent ones (exanples II and HI) making use of neural network computation and self‐organization theories.Recent works on functional self‐organization exhibiting some features of intentionality are discussed in this context. It is argued that Dennett's (or other) intentional stance cannot be used as a theoretical framework common to human prepositional attitudes, animal behaviour and adaptive (or non‐adaptive) evolution. Indeed, a physical theory of intentionality could account, at least in principle, for the production of intentional self‐organizing systems. However, except for a renewed theological “argument from design”, there is no justification to attribute intentionality to evolutionary processes and “Mother Nature”, for the reason that they have produced organisms endowed with intentional psycholinguist

ISSN:0021-8308    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-5914.1994.tb00247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY