摘要:

AbstractWe present a methodology for the reconstruction of spatial climate patterns over the British Isles using tree rings. The predictands are mean sea‐level pressures averaged over May to July for a 16‐point grid centred over the British Isles. The predictors are ring widths from a network of 14 oak tree‐ring chronologies (Quercus petraeaLiebl. andQ. roburL.) in Britain and northern France. Major spatial modes of variance in the climate data are linked directly with those of the ring‐width data via a series of principal component regressions. Reconstruction performance is assessed by examining calibration and verification statistics at individual grid points and for individual pressure principal component amplitudes. The reconstruction equations are examined in order to identify, region by region, which chronologies are most valuable. This diagnostic approach to reconstruction assessment, when coupled with information on the statistical quality of the chronologies themselves, can suggest areas where future field‐work would be most valuable. Though limited in scale, these pressure reconstructions are the first to have been made using trees from maritime sites, and are the first to be comprehensively verified using independent pres

ISSN:0196-1748    

DOI:10.1002/joc.3370060102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEvidence is presented of the existence of three largely independent precursors of changes in the Southern Oscillation (SO). In a region of the south‐east Pacific, anomalously high SST, low pressure, low cloudiness and weak winds tend to occur in December‐February (DJF) prior to a year of low SO index. In the equatorial Atlantic, anomalously warm sea in DJF tends to follow a period of low SO index and precede a year of high index. Cold SST in a region near northern Australia is associated in every season with a trend towards warmer SST in the equatorial east Pacific, and in most months with anomalous westerly winds in the equatorial west Pacific. Plausible physical scenarios are proposed to explain the relationsh

ISSN:0196-1748    

DOI:10.1002/joc.3370060103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent model calculations have suggested that the occurrence of ENSO (El Niño/Southern Oscillation) events may be related to the appearance of a stratospheric aerosol generated by volcanic eruptions. The association of sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean with the occurrence of major eruptions in investigated over the period 1866–1982. It is found that after the eruption of low latitude volcanoes (20°). Additional data such asin situmeasurements in the stratosphere and acid concentrations in the Greenland ice core are discussed to support the observed associa

ISSN:0196-1748    

DOI:10.1002/joc.3370060104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExamination of the rainfall data for north‐east (NE) Brazil showed that the drought of 1983 was extensive. In the interior dry region, rainfall during the rainy season of 1983 was less than 40 per cent of the normal. Analysis of the rainfall revealed that the drought of this year was the worst in the past 20 years. Rainfall anomalies over NE Brazil are related to the Southern Oscillation and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Variations in the Southern Oscillation index preceded the corresponding rainfall anomalies by about 2 months. Correlation coefficient between the NE Brazil seasonal rainfall and mean monthly SST anomaly in the tropical Atlantic showed a gradual increase from January to March. However, examination of sea surface temperature anomalies in the Atlantic for the first 3 months of 1983 indicated only a weak relationship with rainfall anomalies. This suggests that for the 1983 event east‐west Walker type circulation was more important than the north‐south meridional circulations forced by SST anomalies in the Atl

ISSN:0196-1748    

DOI:10.1002/joc.3370060105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn Spain there are only a few stations registering solar radiation, but by using correlations with other meteorological variables, an estimate of the solar radiation can be made in other areas throughout the country. The best results have been obtained using the correlation with hours of bright sunshine. Four linear expressions between the two variables have been obtained, corresponding to the four seasons of the year. Employing such expressions, monthly maps of solar radiation isolines have been plotted for the peninsular part of Spain. The mean deviation is not higher than 5 per cent.

ISSN:0196-1748    

DOI:10.1002/joc.3370060106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA modified Budyko‐Lettau dryness, ratio,D*, has been used to depict the fluctuation of climatic boundaries in Israel during the period 1963–1973. The analysis is partly based on and partly compared with the available climatic data.The use ofD* for the analysis of regional year‐to‐year climatic fluctuations in nature or in numerical climate simulations seems to be wa

ISSN:0196-1748    

DOI:10.1002/joc.3370060107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to investigate climatic fluctuations connected with the cycles of the lunar year. The rainfall data belonging to the Balcombe station, Sussex, England, are used. From these data, variations in the frequency per year of daily rainfalls over 25 mm, which in this research are called daily rainbursts, are investigated, and the results show that there is a quasi‐regular fluctuation, connected with the cycles of the moon, in the number of daily rainburst

ISSN:0196-1748    

DOI:10.1002/joc.3370060108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo further the understanding of the relationships between past climatic conditions and the hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of old groundwaters, a study of the relationship between the composition of daily rainfall and meteorological parameters at a single site was made. The composition of daily rainfall was found to be extremely variable, with little seasonal dependence, and with no clear relationship to daily mean air temperature. This is typical of a maritime climate, although the site studied is located on the east coast of England. The most important control on composition is the origin of the precipitating air mass, whether Atlantic or Continental. The possibility of investigating past climates is discussed.

ISSN:0196-1748    

DOI:10.1002/joc.3370060109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0196-1748    

DOI:10.1002/joc.3370060110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0196-1748    

DOI:10.1002/joc.3370060112

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY