ISSN:0918-7545    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6781.1992.tb00002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract We can distinguish four historical stages of environmental problems in postwar Japanese society. Historical retrospect shows that Japan was one of the worst countries concerning environmental disruption and that it experienced various issues corresponding to the change of main investment domain. Since the late 60s, residents' movements of victims pushed the business world, the national and local goverments to take more strict measures for the protection of the environment. New policy framework was defined in the beginning of the 70s. But further improvement of environment policy was not carried out under stagflation of first oil crisis. As a result of economic growth, Japanese society multiplied its demands on the ecosystem and it became a society characterized by a “separate‐dependent ecosystem” and by “one‐way consumption.” Diseqilibrium of the power balance and defects in the decision‐making process are basic social factors that have accelerated environment destruction in Japan. Despite apparent change, these social conditions continue to exist without change, and constitute an obstacle to the development of an environment‐oriented technology and a transformation into a more “regenerative” society with a “se

ISSN:0918-7545    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6781.1992.tb00003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract Two complementary investigations were undertaken:1. Research into the relationship between suicide and depopulation in Shimane Prefecture.2. Research into the relationship between the perception of social problems and unwanted objective conditions, employing suicide as the example of unwanted conditions.To summarize the most important findings:1. The suicide rates have been notably higher in depopulated areas.2. The partial correlation of suicide to depopulation was high, when the effect of aging of population was removed.3. This partial correlation has increased since 1975. There has been an aggravation of the problem of suicide as a depopulation problem.4. The correlation of suicide to aging of the population vanished, when the effect of depopulation was removed.5. At 70 and over, the suicide rates have been notably higher in depopulated areas.6. The correlation of the age‐specific suicide rate with the depopulation rate, increases with age and the correlation of the suicide rate among old people to the depopulation rate, was notably higher.7. These suicidal tendencies express the mores of society. Morality underlies the perception of social problems, while morality could not exist without generating suicide at a certain point. Both suicide and the perception of suicide as social problems are largely determined by morality. This is our paradoxical hypothesis.8. Lastly, we emphasize that there are serious depopulation problems in Japan. This is particularly obvious, if suicide is employed as the indicator of depopulation sever

ISSN:0918-7545    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6781.1992.tb00004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract Is the family in industrial Japan the same modern conjugal family created by the Industrial Revolution and the modern welfare state of the west? Is it also shifting toward a post‐modern family? This paper attempts to analyze the nature of family changes in Japan by using the “individualization model.” The Japanese family experienced the first wave of change in the first two decades after the world war II from the prewar patriarchal stem family to the modern conjugal family. It is undergoing the second wave of change since the mid 1980s which is characterized as the process of individualization or diversification of the modern family. Though we observe phenomenal changes in contemporary Japan, the family system based on distinct gender roles will not lose its ground unless the industry‐oriented family policy and family‐based welfare policy become more indiv

ISSN:0918-7545    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6781.1992.tb00005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract In this paper I discuss methods of integrating women into social stratification studies. Traditional stratification studies have focused only on the male “heads” of households. While considering this problem within a conceptual framework of theoretical assumptions and empirical evidence, I would like to review some of the earlier work in this area.I propose to differentiate social stratification into “occupational stratification” and “consumption stratification” in order to facilitate the integration of women into these studies. I shall use data from a nationwide survey to show how and why the traditional male head‐of‐household approach is inappropriate in determining the social stratification of households.Rather than considering the occupation of the male head of the household, I use the concept of “substantive complexity of work” to compare paid work with housework. If a married woman is working outside the home, I define her occupation as that which scores higher in this comparison.I also suggest that we further subcategorize consumption stratification. Finally, I propose integrating the suggestions made in this paper with the status inconsistency approach to

ISSN:0918-7545    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6781.1992.tb00006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract Throughout the 1970's and thereafter, especially the first oil crisis, it has remarkably emerged and firmly constructed the Japanese‐style neo‐corporatism: one of whose features is first supplementary macro‐corporatism at the corporate level, secondly whose initiative was voluntarily taken by leaders of ‘encompassing’ unions affiliated with IMF‐JC. thirdly the virtual collapse of traditional left‐wing block between Sohyo and the Japan Socialist Party, fourthly the ‘mild’ neo‐corporatism oriented towards neo‐liberalism not a lesser degree, and fifthly the lack of tradition of social democracy in terms of taking office at the national level and so forth. Rengo established in 1989 is no doubt not only the symbol but also the driving force of Japanese‐style neo‐corporatism. and it has advocated the societal reform from ‘production‐orientation to quality‐of‐life orientation.’ However, Rengo is faced with ‘sectoral clashes’ from within and suffering from the interest representation

ISSN:0918-7545    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6781.1992.tb00007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract As in most capitalist countries, the advent of the “consumer society” has brought about radical cultural change in Japanese society. In this paper I aim to illustrate the undercurrents of this change, focusing on the transformation of social consciousness and gender identity as it is reflected in the popular and youth cultures. In order to show these changes, I have sellected several bestsellers from youth fictions (sekhun‐shousetsu) as my main object of study and have presented several diagrams to illustrate the apparent relationship between this type of fictions and the so‐called “aprgs‐guerre” generation, the “gang of sun,” the “baby‐boomers,” the “moratorium generation,” the “mutant generation.” While analyzing the historical trend of youth fiction for the last 45 years and refering to the other types of popular culture (films, popular songs, comics etc.), I shall attempt to throw light upon the substance of these changes and predict what directions the Japanese cultur

ISSN:0918-7545    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6781.1992.tb00008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract This paper begins with a profile of Japanese youth which compares them statistically and sociologically with those of other nations. Next, I attempt to differentiate between “adolescent” and “youth,” and explain the adolescent as a consequence of industrial society. I also try to divide youth culture into three types: partial culture, sub‐culture. and counter‐ culture. Finally, I discuss the history of Japanese youth culture, primarily since the coming of the industrial age after World War 11. As examples of adolescent cultures, I refer to “Taiyo‐zoku.” “Zenkyoto,” “Hippie,” “New Young,” and “Shin‐jinrui.” Among these, “Zenkyoto” and “Hippie” are important as counter‐cultures; they reject the prevailing society and actively seek a new post‐industrial society. Adolescent sub‐culture. on the other hand, has dwindled since the decline of the “Zen‐ kyoto” around 1970. Since 1980, Japanese youth can be grouped into three main categories. The majority enjoy affluence and consumer goods, like the “Crystal‐zoku,” who are obsessed with famous brands. They are in the partial culture, and are oriented to super‐industrial society. The second group is made up of those who have unique adolescent cultures. like the “Shin‐jinrui,” who are sensuous and highly responsive to information. They are in the sub‐culture, and are oriented to the modified industrial society. Minority groups who take action to protect their interests and human rights, like ecological groups derived from the counter‐culture movement, comprise the third category. T

ISSN:0918-7545    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6781.1992.tb00009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract In examining the growing inter‐ethnic complexity as an issue of social change in major Japanese cities since the mid‐1980s, it is essential that in addition to learning from the experience of Western society.1) this discussion be carried out in the context of research on Korean residents in Japan, and2) the analysis include an examination of the inter‐ethnic relationships.These two essential points have largely been ignored in previous research on the internationalization of the Japanese city. This paper is based on field research from the Ikaino district of Osaka city, which is the largest non‐Japanese “ethnic” community in Japan. The research reveals hitherto neglected aspects of contemporary urban internationalization by examining the Korean community from the point of view of the relationship between the Korean and Japanese communities. We find that:1) A Japanese community exists within Ikaino (widely known as “Korea town”).2) The Korean and Japanese communities live side by side but emphasize their separate identities.3) The only condition which offers hope for cooperation between the two groups is a common feeling of loss and deprivation.Arguments for and against the employment of unskilled foreign laborers continue to be heard. It is the task of the sociologist to provide an objective, unbiased analysis and to accumulate relevant data, rather than to attempt a quick resolution by suppo

ISSN:0918-7545    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6781.1992.tb00010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract This paper reviews and describes the various results of the life course approach in Japan in the decade since its introduction. During the latter half of the 1960s and the early part of the 1970s young researchers of the postwar generation were searching for a new perspective with which to describe and explain the world. It was at this time that the life course approach was developed in the American academic community among several interrelated disciplines, such as sociology, anthropology, psychology, and history. In this preliminary phase the FLC research group, organized and administered by Kiyomi Morioka, played a significant role. Since its dissolution, many former members have continued to introduce the life course approach to other researchers, and much work has been don

ISSN:0918-7545    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6781.1992.tb00011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY