摘要:

An experiment was conducted to test the ability of Ss to make logical decisions on the basis of correlated and noncorrelated binary variables. Ss were asked to decide on hospitalization or nonhospitalization for a patient with a disease on the basis of past recovery rates of other patients. It was assumed that only Ss with a cognitive structure similar to that described by Inhelder and Piaget (1958) would behave logically in the experimental task. The findings suggested that such a structure was present in that the Ss were capable of making logical decisions on the basis of the data presented to them. From an analysis of the problem the point of view is presented that previous negative findings in the area may have been a function of methodology, rather than the lack of a cognitive structure as has been claimed.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049537208255778

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Additional data on the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA) with Maori and European children indicated that previously reported results could not be entirely supported. The pattern of results now supports those investigations where the poor performance of ethnically and/or culturally different children occurs primarily on the auditory‐vocal channels of psycholinguistic abilit

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049537208255779

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Evidence is presented to show that agreement with certain items claimed by Rudin (1961) to be anti‐rational‐authoritarian is positively related to neuroticism and negatively related to socio‐economic status and intelligence, whereas agreement with proauthoritarian items from the same scale is not related. This evidence is held to support Rudin's argument that rational and irrational authoritarianism (as exemplified by the F‐scale) are independent, and that pathology is related to rejection of the former as well as acceptance of the

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049537208255780

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A group of modified, span memory tests, some of which were derived from experimental procedures for the study of short‐term memory, together with standard reference factor marker tests were administered to 100 Junior Naval Recruits, and the results factor analysed. Three span memory factors emerged, two of which were sufficiently broad to be of interest. One was the standard span memory factor, although it emerged as a more general factor than current definitions of span memory would suggest, and the other appeared to represent the ability to read and remember four or five digits at a glance. The results were interpreted as being consistent with a two‐stage model of short‐term m

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049537208255781

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Circles test was administered to 115 Grade Twelve students, first with instructions saying that they had ten minutes to work on the test, and then after they had indicated the point they reached in ten minutes, with instructions that they could work for as long as they liked. Subjects' scores and items' weights were calculated separately for the first ten minutes' work, and then for the whole test. Scores on the total test were significantly correlated with scores in the first ten minutes, while highly uncommon responses were found in both the early and late responses. Nonetheless, there was a significant tendency for original responses to appear more commonly in late responses.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049537208255782

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the stability across sex of primary and higher order factors derived from Cattell&Scheier's Neuroticism Scale (NSQ). Only one of eight primary factors was found invariant across sex and this was identified as being similar to Cattell's second‐order anxiety factor. For a three factor higher‐order solution this was still the only invariant factor, but for a two factor higher‐order solution invariance across sex was achieved for both factors. The two stable factors could be identified as Cattell's invia‐exvia and anxiety or Eysenck's introversion‐extraversion and ne

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049537208255783

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Wheel running in the rat may be due to a specific activity drive or to increased activation arising from other drive states or both. Experiment 1 confirmed that rats satiated for food and water run spontaneously in the activity wheel and revealed that, under combined food and water deprivation, they run more actively than under either food or water deprivation or in a nondeprived state. Experiment 2 examined the reward properties of wheel running for satiated rats compared with animals both food and water deprived. Satiated animals learned the correct response in a T maze more rapidly than deprived animals when this meant access to an activity wheel. They also learned two position reversals and extinguished their response when denied access to the wheel.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049537208255784

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An experiment was designed to compare the figural aftereffect and figural retroactiveeffect for the concentric circles figure under two conditions of IF diameter and four luminance contrast combinations of IF and TF. The 40 Ss in the experiment were replicated over luminance contrast conditions. It was found that variations in magnitude and direction of the figural retroactive‐effect closely resembled corresponding variations in the figural aftereffect. These results lend support to the idea that it might eventually be possible to explain both phenomena within a single theoretical framework; however, investigation of the relationship between the two phenomena has barely begun. The experiment suggests furthermore that both the figural aftereffect and figural retroactive‐effect may be more complicated phenomena than has hitherto been assumed, involving not only an apparent displacement of TF induced by IF but also an apparent displacement of IF induced by

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049537208255785

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A prediction from a Stimulus‐Change theory of light‐contingent bar pressing (LCBP) is that within a range, larger magnitudes of change will be more reinforcing. This was tested with hooded rats for light intensity Increments and Decrements. In addition to magnitudes, the effect of the duration of change was also investigated. The response results for light Increments showed an initial inverted U effect for magnitudes, followed by a general positive relationship over the remaining trials. Only the largest light Decrement was reinforcing. It was argued that these results support a Stimulus‐Change explanation of LCBP. The magnitude effect was contrasted with comparable data from albino rats. While shorter durations of light Increment were the most reinforcing, there was a suggestion that a longer duration of light Decrement was the most effective. Therefore, the relative reinforcing value of Increments and Decrements differed according to the duration of c

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049537208255786

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The kinaesthetic spatial aftereffect was used to investigate the muscular component in positional judgments. In the first experiment the magnitude of the aftereffect following 30° rotation of the limb through its longitudinal axis for 90 sec. was measured using 20 Ss. In a second experiment using 40 Ss the spatial and temporal aspects of stimulation were replicated while muscular exertion was varied. A comparison of the results of the two experiments showed that a muscular component, dependent upon the direction of prior stimulation, was present in positional judgments

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049537208255787

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY