摘要:

Separate groups underwent fear conditioning (tone‐shock trials) with CS‐UCS intervals favouring reinforcement (CR‐UCS offset; Group 1), CS‐UCR contiguity (Group 2), and contiguity and reinforcement (interval shifted during training; Group 3) while a control group (Group 4) had unpaired presentations of CS and UCS. Fear conditioning, extinction, and spontaneous recovery were measured through the probestimulus technique, with light as probe stimulus and pre‐instructed hand lifting as probe response. Predictions derived from Jones' (1962) hypothesis were confirmed; Groups 2 and 3 were superior to Group 1 at first, while Group 3 was superior to Group 2 later in training. All experimental groups showed extinction, and Groups 1 and 3 showed spontaneous recovery in later retraining. The data were taken to confirm the main hypothesis that the fear response itself has a latency of the order of 2000

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536808255730

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The results of three administrations of the EPI are presented. It was concluded that caution should be observed against making the assumption of equivalence for Forms A and B of the Inventory, especially in regard to the Lic scale.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536808255731

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Correlations between the Extraversion (E) and Neuroticism (N) scales of Form A and Form B of the EPI were obtained for 3 Australian samples. The relationships of individual questions to the E and N scales were examined and it was concluded that there is a disproportionate number of N scale questions in what Eysenck terms the “melancholic” quadr

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536808255732

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Apparatus for studying vibrotactile communication is described. 5 electromechanical transducers were used to transmit coded signals to S. A modified Howell (1956) system was used. 5 body loci not previously used with this system and a 50‐trial programme showed that S was able to receive signals with a high degree of accuracy. Significant increases in learning occurred between the first 5 and the second 5 trials. The findings of Howell who used a similar display but 5 different body loci under more exacting conditions were confirme

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536808255733

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A small, portable 2‐channel vibrotactile signalling unit is described. The unit is suitable for transmitting signals to each of 2 Sherrick‐type vibrators. The design allows an experimenter to send coded signals to either 1 vibrator at a time, or to 2 vibrators simultaneously. The apparatus is powered by a small transformer (domestic mains outlet) and is normally operated in conjunction with 2 decade interval tim

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536808255734

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

25 naive albino rats, 80 to 100 days old, were tested in an approach‐avoidance situation. It was hypothesized that Ss at the point of maximum conflict, given free space, exhibit circular oscillatory movement, and that the amount of such movement is a function of the absolute strengths of the competing response tendencies. Results supported both hypotheses. In addition, clear behavioural differences were obtained between Ss shocked where they had previously been positively reinforced, and those in whom separate approach and avoidance gradients were established to positive and negative CSs, the CSs being combined during test trial

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536808255735

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Accuracy of 2‐point tactile discrimination was determined for 27 male Ss at 2 locations, the forehead and the thoracic region of the back. The effect of 2 variables was investigated; presentation of the 2 points bilaterally (i.e. across the body mid‐line) v. unilaterally, and stimulation of homologous (i.e. bilaterally symmetrical) v. nonhomologous points. Results showed markedly greater accuracy of discrimination under bilateral than unilateral conditions on the back, but no such difference was demonstrated for the forehead. There was some evidence of reduced accuracy of discrimination when homologous points on the forehead were stimulated in comparison with non‐homologous p

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536808255736

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

5 studies of aesthetic preference for abstract designs varying in number of elements (n) are reported. Stimulus materials included designs which were random or composed, symmetrical or asymmetrical, and which were presented as drawings, photographs, or slides. Preference rankings or ratings (P') were obtained. For 4 sets of stimuli, but not random polygons, significant inter‐S concordance was found even with heterogeneous samples. Both group and individual trends gave an inverted‐U curve for P' on n, in most cases. In the main study, dispersion of P' scores increased with n. These results are largely compatible with the “information‐processing” approach to pr

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536808255737

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Discrimination Generalisation Task (DGT) was developed as 1 of a set of tests for use in the comparative study of intelligent behaviour. In this task, S learns a simple discrimination of an X from 4 Os, and then receives 10 test problems that call for generalisation and learning set. The performance of rats, rabbits and cats was compared in the expectation that cats would be superiour to rabbits and rabbits superior to rats. This expectation was realised. Rabbits and cats were highly consistent in the ordering of problems by difficulty, both within and between species. Rats were much less consistent probably due to the fact that their spread of scores was much less.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536808255738

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Eysenck Personality Inventory was administered twice to a sample of soldiers. The first administration was under normal conditions; the second under instructions to “fake bad” It was concluded that, for the purpose of discriminating malingerers from genuine neurotics, the EPI shows little prom

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049536808255739

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY