摘要:

To this stage a large amount of information has accumulated on one‐dimensional broadband frequency channel characteristics of the visual system. Only recently have attempts been made to define additional two‐dimensional narrow‐band response profiles‐particularly in central vision. In this paper questions concerning the number, tuning widths and phase sensitivity of such two‐dimensional narrow‐band coding units are reviewed. Results with grating and two‐dimensional images are discussed, particularly within the context of energy processing and information reduction strategies which reflect human performance. Finally, a consequent principle of univariance is defined and shown to hold with such

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049538408255074

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Both response proportion and response time (RT) measures were obtained in a task requiring temporal order judgements (TOJ) of the illumination of two lights. The decrease in mean RT as the inter‐stimulus interval increased enabled the deterministic decision rule for TOJ to be rejected. Although the data were not inconsistent with a decision process incorporating a threshold for temporal resolution, a model based on a random walk process accounted for important features of the data. The implications of these results for the commonly employed “perceived‐order” method are di

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049538408255075

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper is a broad survey of issues that I have been examining within the domain of lexical access. Experiments are briefly outlined looking at the questions of morphological processing in both visual and spoken word recognition, phonological recoding in visual word recognition, orthographic influences in spoken word recognition, and a morphophonemic level of word representation. These issues are discussed in the framework of a model of lexical access where the recognition system and the production system are seen as separate representational systems.

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049538408255076

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

All decisions are inevitably accompanied by a certain degree of confidence. It is assumed that during a compensatory‐multi‐attribute utility decision process, a cognitive structure, named Decision Space (DS) is formed. This includes cognitive representations of the offered alternatives and of an “ideal” alternative in the form of sets of meaning values. Psychological distances can be “calculated” among all the alternatives. It is hypothesized that Post‐Decisional Confidence (PDC) is dependent upon DS structure. PDC is higher when the distance of the chosen alternative from the “ideal” alternative (δ) is minimal, and when the distances of the non‐chosen alternatives from the “ideal” alternative (δ) is maximal. 46 subjects participated in a decision‐making experiment designed to test this hypothesis. The results supported our hypothesis. It was also found that d and δ have differing degrees of influence on PDC, and that this differential influence is dependent upon the relevance of each for the specific decision. Some theoretical impli

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049538408255077

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to examine the reciprocal relationships between locus of control and job attributes of a representative sample of 1383 employees in a large Australian city. It was predicted that employees with an internal locus of control would attain jobs higher on skill‐utilization, influence and income than those attained by employees with an external locus of control. It was also predicted that jobs involving high skill‐utlization, influence and income would induce greater internal control beliefs than those low on skill‐utilization, influence and income. Locus of control was measured using Rotter's scale (Rotter, 1966). Reciprocal causation was assessed using two‐stage least squares analysis. For the total sample, it was found that locus of control and job attributes were reciprocally determined. However, locus of control was not related to influence when skill‐utilization and income were controlled. When the sample was split on the basis of gender and marital status, the predicted relationships between locus of control, skill‐utilization and income were found for married men only. For married women, locus of control was neither a determinant of job attributes nor an outcome of job experience. These sub‐group differences were interpreted in terms of differences in job tenure, work values and occupationa

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049538408255078

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The performance attributions of actors (participants on a task or in an interaction), active observers (co‐actors who make observations of the actor) and passive observers (non‐participants who observe but do not interact with the actor) were compared on a task in which actors succeeded or failed after competing or working independently. Contrary to Jones and Nisbett's (1971) divergent perspectives hypothesis, the results indicated that the subjects' person attributions were influenced interactively by the actor's outcome and the subjects' perspective while their situation attributions were influenced interactively by their perspective and the nature of the task. The implications of these findings for the divergent perspectives hypothesis were discus

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049538408255079

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The psychometric properties of Buss and Plomin's EASI‐III Temperament Survey were examined for a random sample of 290 respondents from the Australian general population. These data support the use of the emotionality, activity and sociability scales with some minor modifications, but cast doubt on the impulsivity scale. Not only did impulsivity emerge as a multidimensional construct, but its components related to other temperaments in markedly different ways. The preliminary analyses also suggested that the EASI‐III could be used to measure other constructs, the most important of which are neuroticism and extraversion. The advantages offered by the EASI‐III over currently available instruments are discussed: in particular, the simplicity and clarity of the items and the well‐articulated sampling framework for their se

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049538408255080

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

On of the most important factors in the generation of schedule induced polydipsia, and schedule induced self‐injection of drugs is the prior reduction of the animals' body weight to 80% of their free‐feeding weight by food deprivation. It is suggested that reductio of body weight to 80% by water deprivation should produce similar results. The series of experiments reported here showed that rats reduced to 80% body weight by water deprivation did not develop either schedule‐induced polydipsia or schedule induced wheelrunning. The results thus suggest that body weight reduction may not be a critical condition in the development of schedule‐induced phe

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049538408255081

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

McMullen (1982) attempted in his critique of humanistic psychology to attack its philosophical foundations, taking these to be phenomenology and a doctrine of self determination. In this paper we argue that McMullen has misrepresented the philosophical position of the humanists, then we examine McMullen's own philosophical assumptions. We show that he has assumed the philosophy of empirical realism which we argue is inadequate as a foundation for science. It is shown that it is the inadequacy of McMullen's assumptions which underlies his failure to comprehend the position of the humanists. We then present a version of theoretical realism and show how, in terms of this, a conception of being can be justified which allows for the emergence of hierarchical order. On the basis of this conception of being we reassess the nature of self‐determination and motivation, showing how, in opposition to both the empirical realism of McMullen and the philosophical dualism of conventional humanistic psychology, a naturalistic form of humanistic psychology is justifie

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049538408255082

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This is a response to comments by Gare and Smith (1984) on my critique of humanistic psychology (McMullen, 1982).

ISSN:0004-9530    

DOI:10.1080/00049538408255083

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY