摘要:

A conceptual core model of the teacher stress process, assumed to be invariant, was tested on longitudinal data. A LISREL analysis confirmed the goodness of fit of the model. Teachers' relations to pupils and teachers' perception of pupils as a stress source result in general strain, and in turn lead to various stress reactions. Teachers who perceive students as stressors at the middle of the first term report general strain and impaired somatic and mental health at the end of the school year. The major part of successful coping seems to take place during the first half of the school year; later only minor changes are noticed. It is argued that the short‐term perspective on coping should guide further studies on teacher stres

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1985.tb00175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article examines the moderating effects of the Type A behaviour pattern on the relationship between paced work and psychological (mood) disturbance. The study was part of a broader survey investigation seeking to characterize job stress and health relationships among postal workers engaged in machine‐paced letter‐sorting operations. Data from 2803 paced letter sorters and 2715 non‐paced Postal Service employees were analysed in a behaviour pattern × pacing × sex (2 times 2 × 2) design. Paced work was found to have a significant effect on mood state. However, no evidence of a Type A moderating effect was found. Results of the study for males but not females were consistent with Sales' (1969) theory that the Type A person possesses personality traits that predispose self‐selection into stressful jobs. It was suggested that future studies of the relationships between pacing and the Type A pattern include multiple measures of the behaviour pred

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1985.tb00176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study investigated the impact of computer technology on work content, feedback, performance control, and mental strain involved in text preparation in printing shops. A total of 218 perforator typesetters, video display typesetters, proofreaders and photocompositors were surveyed with a questionnaire including scales on work characteristics, job satisfaction and perceived symptoms. A subsample of 90 persons was then submitted to measurements of vigilance, made with the critical flicker frequency technique three times a day, and to an evaluation of psychomotor performance (Bourdon‐Wiersma Vigilance Test) twice a day. The subjects assessed their state on a rating scale at the end of the workday.The employees applying computer technology assessed the challenge, self‐determination and satisfaction of their work as higher than those applying traditional methods. Vigilance was significantly lowered during a day only among the perforator typesetters. Their daily self‐ratings were also the most negative. It seems likely that, in text preparation tasks with minimal variety, stress is diminished by the use of visual display terminals, which make feedback and control over performance possible. Although the groups did not differ with respect to perceived chronic symptoms, on the whole the use of computer technology seems to influence the process of text preparation favou

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1985.tb00177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Despite almost universal agreement that employee absenteeism leads to decreased production efficiency, there is little documentation of a relationship between these variables. Several authors have even suggested that absenteeism might have some beneficial effects. The present study finds that absenteeism and department efficiency are negatively associated only (1) when production processes are not highly automated, and (2) when the absences cannot be anticipated in advance. Despite these limitations, however, the costs attributable to the impact of absenteeism on department efficiency are substantial. Programmes designed to decrease unanticipated absenteeism, therefore, can result in considerable savings by increasing operating efficiency where employees are directly involved in the production process.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1985.tb00178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The future aspirations of trade apprentices have important implications for further supplies of skilled labour. An interview survey of 89 engineering apprentices in Auckland, New Zealand, revealed that the majority intended to travel overseas following qualification, and to move into occupations not directly connected with their trade. Few intended long‐term service with their training organizations, and large institutional settings were generally rejected. These results are interpreted as supporting a trend towards ‘post‐materialist’ values among young people, and are in direct contradiction to fundamental assumptions concerning employee commitment on which the apprenticeship system i

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1985.tb00179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Graduating college students (n=105) completed questionnaires following employment interviews at a university placement centre, describing recruiter behaviours, impressions of recruiter warmth and thoughtfulness, and willingness to accept a job offer. The behaviour descriptions were factor analysed, yielding five factors. Multiple regression indicated that three factors (non‐directive counselling behaviours, listening skills and interpersonal sensitivity) were related to perceived recruiter warmth and thoughtfulness (R2=0·47) and one factor (listening skills) was related to applicant willingness to accept a job offer (R2=0·13). When applicants perceived that the recruiter was representative of the company, the behaviours of the interviewer were more influential in determining the applicant's willingness to accept a job offer. Applicant sex and age did not moderate the relationship between perceived interviewer behaviours and applicant willingness to accept an offer. Implications of the results for further research and recruiting practices are discus

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1985.tb00180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents a field test of several hypotheses concerning proactive feedback seeking behaviour (FSB). The hypotheses are derived from the general assertion that feedback is a valuable individual resource. As such, feedback is hypothesized to be subject to activeseekingbehaviour by individuals. Feedback seeking is proposed as an instrumental response of employees attempting to achieve their goals within an evaluative context. Hypotheses relating such seeking to both personal (length of tenure, job involvement and tolerance for ambiguity) and organizational (contingency uncertainty and role ambiguity) variables are formulated and tested. Role ambiguity, contingency uncertainty, tenure within the organization and job involvement were found to predict FSB. The relationships between both role ambiguity and contingency uncertainty and proactive FSB were found to be moderated by an individual's ability to tolerate ambiguity.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1985.tb00181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study compares socialization experiences of 134 men and 84 women 8–10 months into their first jobs after college graduation. Generally theavailabilityof various activities and events did not differ between men and women but men were more likely to report experiencing the various socialization activities as morehelpfulthan were women. Contrary to speculations, the gender of an individual supervisor did not mediate either the perceived availability or helpfulness of various socialization opportunities. These findings are discussed within an attributional perspectiv

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1985.tb00182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Issues in Person Perception. Edited by MARK COOK.Industrial Relations in the Future: Trends and Possibilities in Britain over the Next Decade. By R. TARLING&F. WILKINSON.The Change Masters. By ROSABETH MOSS KANTER.Consent and Efficiency: Labour Relations and Management Policy Strategy in the State Enterprise. By E. BATSTONAE, A. FERNER&M. TERRY.Improving Leadership Performance. By PETER L. WRIGHT&DAVID s. TAYLOR.Down from the Ivory Tower: Graduates and their Jobs. By PETER HERRIOT.The Forsaken Families. By L. FAGIN&M. LITTLE.Leaders we Deserve. By ALISTAIR MANT.Decision Making at the Top: The Shaping of Strategic Decisions. By GORDON DONALDSON&JAY w. LORSCH.Sustained Attention in Human Performance. Edited by J. s. WARM.Human Aspects in Office Automation. Edited by B. G. F. COHEN.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1985.tb00183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1985.tb00184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY