ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00389.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00390.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An account is presented first of practical problems in the national guidance services of the United Kingdom. Some differences of theoretical perspective between practitioners of ‘differentialist’ and ‘developmental’ approaches to vocational guidance are summarized and compared. An attempt is then made to reconcile these theoretical models, in the context of outline proposals for a computer‐based system which embodies the principal features of both careers and occupational

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00391.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A number of American computer‐based systems for educational and vocational guidance are reviewed. They illustrate the progressive development from information storage and retrieval systems, through matching to counselling and career development systems. Lessons are drawn from American experience of these systems, pointing out the pitfalls to be avoided both at the strategic level of setting objectives for computer‐assisted guidance, and at the technological level of developing suitable hardware, software, and audiovisual components. Directions for the future are sugges

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00392.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seven computer systems have been developed in Britain to date to support careers guidance in schools. Their functions and features are compared, and an assessment is made of the relative merits of the computer as against alternative means of performing the same functions. There is also a discussion of the implitions of the computer for the role of the counsellor, and of the relative advantage of batch and interactive usage. Decisions about the use of computers should derive from, rather than be allowed to determine, the aims and objectives of guidance. Potentially, however, computers could play a significant part in sustaining the trend from a diagnostic‐and‐advisory approach to guidance work to a counselling‐and‐careers‐education

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00393.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The author argues that computer technology will inevitably impinge upon career guidance: the main issue he addresses is how to make the best use of it. Various advantages, actual and potential, are discussed. Then a number of technical, organizational and social issues are identified, with suggestions for circumventing them.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00394.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The information and advice needed by adults engaged in mid‐career change are analysed in terms of how they may be expected to differ from those required by younger people. Some of the modifications to computer‐assisted guidance programs and data banks which would be required to take account of these differences are then suggested in outline. Ways in which implementation of these developments in guidance systems have been made possible in the USA are discussed: techniques for cooperation between agencies at local level, and consideration of unit size appear important. The availability of a range of guidance services—both computer‐assisted and personal—is seen as contributing substantially to adults' capacity for self‐management of both career an

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00395.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00396.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Traditionally, careers guidance has been concerned with promoting occupational satisfactoriness rather than satisfaction. Today, more emphasis is placed upon the life of the individual than the characteristics of the occupation. With more variables being brought into play, career choice has become more difficult. Careers advisers are expected to be not only organizers and disseminators of information, but also counsellors in group and individual situations. The computer can help with the first in order to give more time for the second. The joint research project between the Education Department of Cheshire County Council and the IBM UK Scientific Centre ran from September 1973 until June 1974. Since then, further field trials have taken place, over two years of regular usage have occurred and further developments have been made to the original program. This paper describes the philosophy and development of the system, reports on the two field trials and gives recommendations for the use of the computer in the guidance process in schools.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00397.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

CASCAID was conceived as a support tool for the use of LEA Careers Officers carrying out their appointed task of giving vocational guidance to students in secondary schools. The system arose out of the situation in which the practising Careers Officer finds himself; that of attempting to assimilate the plethora of information of which he should be aware, mentally processing this information in the interview situation, and producing realistic advice to his client. It is a very practical system, based on real needs and circumstances. It is not a guidance technique in itself nor does it predicate a particular guidance theory. Nationally, at the present time, there are often neither the resources within the Careers Service nor the vital preliminary careers education programme within the schools to provide the level of careers preparation which we would all wish. It is in this context that the usefulness and effectiveness of CASCAID has to be assessed. The present paper describes the development of the system up to and including its transition to CASCAID II, and describes its principal features.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00398.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY