ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1977.tb00351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1977.tb00352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Heider's notions of attribution are presented as a theoretical underpinning for the empirical findings of Herzberg concerning the nature of motivation in industrial contexts. Herzberg's methodology is treated as an example of the ‘new’ methods advocated by Harré and Secord: the collection of naive, unnegotiated ‘accounts’. It is suggested that attributional artifacts are potentially present when an investigator invites lay informants to make causal attributions concerning two oppositely valued states and then accepts these ‘accounts' at face value as constituting the ‘findings' of the study. Favourable outcomes tend to be attributed to the self and unfavourable ones to the environment. The self is seen as the source of job satisfaction and the environment as the source of job dissatisfaction. Evidence from other areas of research supporting this interpretation is presented. A sharp distinction is made between the attributional biases of informants and those of investigators. The role of positive self‐concepts, rather than of defensive reactions, is stressed as a determinant of the ‘structure’ found

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1977.tb00353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seventy‐nine students completed a questionnaire designed to measure their attitudes towards the police in Britain. In addition they were asked to fill in Christie's Machiavellianism scale. In general, high Machiavellianism was associated with negative attitudes towards the police. The favourability of respondents' views about the police varied greatly with the particular aspect of police behaviour under consideration. Differential perceptions of the police with respect to Machiavellianism are discussed in terms of the occupational role of the policema

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1977.tb00354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Job information supplied by workers has many valuable uses in industry. While the reliability of self‐reports is well established in the literature, few validity studies have been reported. This study used an observational coding system to provide criterion data for assessing the accuracy of three kinds of worker self‐report: activity identification, activity rank ordering, and activity time estimation. Work activities for 36 office workers were coded by observers and compared with worker estimates obtained from a card‐sorting task and a written questionnaire.Accuracy of the self‐report activity data decreased as more quantitative information was requested: workers were best at identifying the tasks which they had performed, they were less able to judge the relative amounts of time spent in those activities, and they were least able to say how much time they had spent in any one activity. We conclude that in the analysis of work, self‐report techniques provide greater quantification only at the expense of

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1977.tb00355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A random USA national sample of 300 psychotic and 300 psychoneurotic clients, with half the sample closed ‘rehabilitated’ and the other half closed ‘non‐rehabilitated’, was investigated in connection with two time variables (months in rehabilitation process and training) and two cost variables (dollars for all services and facilities) in vocational rehabilitation process. As compared to psychotic clients, psychoneurotic clients tended to require more time in vocational rehabilitation process and training and less money for rehabilitation facilities. Rehabilitated clients were found to be in the vocational rehabilitation process for less time than non‐rehabilitated clients. There were no appreciable differences between the psychotic and psychoneurotic groups on such outcome variables as work status at closure, occupational level at closure, and weekly earnings at closure. The findings suggest that different strategies are used to bring these clients differing in dysfunctional reactions to similar desirab

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1977.tb00356.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Physiological and psychological instruments were used in the measurement of stress in an occupational training situation. The physiological instrument, the measurement of capilliary blood glucose levels, showed a progressive increase throughout the period of the exercise being observed. The psychological instrument, a stress and arousal adjective checklist (SACL), showed no significant changes in arousal but did show a significant drop in the level of reported stress across the task period. Correlational analysis permits the construction of a model which describes the relationship between the measures and also the results obtained. Changes in the training course are suggested which may alleviate some of the stressfulness perceived by the trainees.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1977.tb00357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTLeadership potential was studied as a function of the sex of the rater and/or ratee. Data collected on a sample of ten female and 30 male Army officers included peer ratings, self‐ratings, and achievement and attitude measures. Males and females evaluated female peers significantly lower than male peers on leadership potential. Also, females evaluated themselves lower on self‐ratings of leadership potential, as well as scoring lower on some achievement and attitude measu

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1977.tb00358.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1977.tb00359.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Psychology of Vocational Guidance. By Paul Kline.Psychological Testing: The Measurement of Intelligence, Ability and Personality. By Paul Kline.Zytowski, D. G. (ed.) (1973).Contemporary Approaches to Interest Measurement.The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. By H. J. EYSENCK and SYBIL B. G. EYSENCK.

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1977.tb00360.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY