摘要:

Published and unpublished studies evaluating the merits of occupational stress management are reviewed. Worksite stress management studies are compared along dimensions of type of work group, programme orientation and format, stress management methods, non‐specific effects, and long‐term maintenance of skills and benefits. Although studies differ widely on these dimensions and too few studies have been conducted to state unequivocally general conclusions, worksite stress management programmes appear to offer promise for helping workers cope with stress and exert greater control over physiological and psychological systems which are reactive to stressors. Troublesome issues in this young research area are noted and future research needs are enumerated. Finally, the advantages and potential disadvantages of worksite stress management programmes are descri

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1984.tb00143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study developed and assessed a set of psychometric tests to aid selection of candidate simultaneous and consecutive interpreter trainees. Three kinds of test were used based either on text materials, linguistic subskills or speed stress Twelve tests in all were administered to 29 trainees beginning an intensive course. The test scores were correlated with judges' ratings in the final interpreting examination. Students who passed the examination had higher mean scores on all tests than those who failed (significant for seven tests). Test scores were positively inter‐correlated. Of the two factors characterizing the pattern of correlations, the first loaded highly on completion/detection tests and simultaneous examination ratings; the second loaded highly on recall tests and consecutive examination ratings. Text‐based tests were more predictive than subskills or speed stress tests. It is concluded that tests would aid candidate selection, and estimates of improved selection are given. The relationship between test type and interpreting is discussed together with possible reasons underlying differential performance on tests of the same k

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1984.tb00144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate some psychological effects of unemployment in school‐leavers using a longitudinal research design. Questionnaires which included mood questions and scales measuring self‐esteem, locus of control and depressive affect, were administered twice to 761 students, once while they were at school, and then again one year later. Comparisons between the unemployed and employed groups revealed that the unemployed were generally less well‐adjusted than their employed counterparts. Specifically they reported greater negative mood and had higher depression scores, and the unemployed girls also displayed lower self‐esteem. These differences, however, resulted largely from an improvement in outlook on the part of the employed, rather than from the unemployed becoming more depressed and losing self

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1984.tb00145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB), a 12‐test battery purporting to measure nine occupation‐related aptitudes, is one of the most widely used test batteries in the field of job selection. Despite its widespread use, however, little research has been carried out to investigate its factorial assumptions. The present study looks at the factorial structure of the GATB based on a large Irish sample. The results indicate that the GATB does not adequately measure nine specific underlying aptitudes, but four, more general, higher order aptitu

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1984.tb00146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Most research on the effects of maternal employment on children has followed the ‘maternal deprivation’ hypothesis, which focuses on differences in the behaviour of children of employed and non‐employed mothers. Yet this framework may have impeded an examination of a more relevant question, namely the impact of mothers' employment‐related experiences. Accordingly, this study assesses the influence of mothers' job satisfaction, job involvement and role conflict on the behaviour of their nursery school sons and daughters (n=46 and 45 respectively). The effects of maternal employment on their nursery school children were found to be mediated by (a) the nature and quality of the employment experience (i.e. positive or negative), (b) the type of child behaviour assessed, and (c) the sex of the child. Mothers' job satisfaction was positively associated with daughters' self‐control and negatively with conduct problems; their role conflict was negatively related to sons' and daughters' self‐control, and positively associated with sons' conduct problems and daughters' immaturity. These results support the hypothesis that thequalityof the maternal employment experience influences nursery school children'

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1984.tb00147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A measure of environmental frustration was constructed and administered to 401 young graduate engineers working in industry. Self‐reported frustration was associated with the dependent variables of anger reactions, latent hostility, job dissatisfaction and, to a lesser extent, work‐related anxiety. Evidence from multiple regression analysis indicated that organizational climate, role stress, and social support all contributed to the level of environmental frustration. These variables were also associated with the dependent variables, but frustration was still associated with anger reactions and latent hostility when their effects were controlled for statistically. The strongest predictors of dissatisfaction were organizational climate and qualitative underl

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1984.tb00148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A trial was made of a brief short‐listing procedure, the aim of which was to identify applicants who were unlikely to be successful at a military assessment centre and whose attendance might therefore not be cost effective. Assessments of overall suitability, based on short interviews at a number of locations, correlated 0***.45 (n= 65) with assessment centre outcome. A subsequent headquarters reassessment, which included some further information, correlated 0***.53 with the outcome. It was found that variables relating to educational achievement, responsibility, and physical pursuits were particularly powerful in predicting the outcome, which is in agreement with known training demands. Problems involved in operating such a short‐listing procedure are discus

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1984.tb00149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Measures of reported health change, financial stress, financial strain, and commitment to the labour market were used with a sample of 954 unemployed working‐class men, selected to cover equally all levels of age and several levels of length of unemployment. It was found that psychological deterioration, financial stress and strain, and labour market commitment were greatest among middle‐aged unemployed men. Deterioration in health and degree of financial strain were found to be greater among men unemployed for longer periods in contrast with those who had more recently become unemployed, but no association was observed between length of unemployment and the measures of financial stress and commitment to the labour market. The probability of having an employed wife was found to be negatively associated with length of unemployment, consistent with the operation of a household strategy for income maintena

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1984.tb00150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Manned Systems Design: Methods, Equipment and Applications. Edited by J. Moraal&K.‐F. Kraiss.The Experience of Work: A Compendium and Review of 249 Measures and their Use. By John D. Cook, Sue J. Hepworth, Toby D. Wall&Peter B. Warr.Action in Organizations. By Donald D. White&H. William Vroman.The Measurement of Job Performance. By Catherine T. Bailey.The Psychology of Taxation. By Alan Lewis.Quality Circles: A Practical Guide. By Mike Robson.Industrial Democracy in Europ

ISSN:0305-8107    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1984.tb00151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY