摘要:

This paper considers the problems currently facing the Medical Assistance (Medicaid) program in light of the major problems confronting the American health care system. Actual and proposed Medicaid reforms are reviewed, their merits noted and their shortcomings detailed. It is argued that substantial Medicaid reform can take place only in the context of radical reform of the entire U.S. health care system. Similarly, Medicaid should be incorporated into any plan aimed at providing universal health care coverage.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1992.tb00469.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examines the industry and organizational factors that determine the likelihood of business response to government tax incentives for privately financed termination benefit programs and the substitution problems confronting government programs that use tax incentives to encourage businesses to provide these benefits to their employees. It concludes that government tax incentives will likely have marginal effects on the private provision of termination benefits, especially in large firms in industries with a strong market presence from government. These programs most likely will get high participation from large firms which already provide these benefits to salaried and hourly workers resulting in high substitution effects. They also are likely to extend benefits to hourly employees in firms that already provide similar benefits to salaried workers. However, these tax incentives are likely to have very limited inducement effects on small and medium‐sized firms resulting in low overall target efficiency for these program

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1992.tb00470.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using an investigation of a technical policy issue, this paper demonstrates the utility of employing an issue networks approach to understanding the dynamics among those concerned about the threat of earthquakes to the province of British Columbia, Canada and the state of Washington, United States. Such an approach focuses on issue emergence in the early stages of agenda building. This research demonstrates how scientific and technical expertise, in the absence of political leadership, is an unrivaled source of presumptive rights leading to key actor status within a specialized policy community. A complementary finding is that career‐related rationales provide the overwhelming motivation for issue network participatio

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1992.tb00471.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article traces the scholarship on business political power from Bauer, Pool and Dexter, through Lindblom, to Graham Wilson and David Vogel. The prominent understanding now is that business was under attack in the 1960s and 1970s but has since recovered a privileged position. The variables common to this scholarship provide a framework for analyzing insurance industry politics. Drawing primarily upon the unisex case, the article shows that the insurance industry is not in control of the political agenda, does not enjoy the collaboration of federal elected officials, does not gain disproportionate benefits and usually does not make effective use of their lobbying resources. It argues that the industry's internal divisions and low public regard help explain its unprivileged position, and concludes that more attention to industry sectors will help refine what we know about the political power of business.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1992.tb00472.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using the idea of regime formation and cooperation in international political economy as a guide, this paper assesses the first stage (Cross‐cceptance) of implementing the New Jersey stateplanning process as an attempt to construct a base of mutually shared norms and interests between state and local governments in the area of land use planning. The conclusion is that the first round of implementation was instrumental in building norms and consensus‐especially in the face of strong resistance to state planning from the policy environment. The main reason for the effectiveness of the Cross‐Acceptance process was that it brought local, county and state officials to a forum where they were able to discuss areas of consensus and di

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1992.tb00473.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This overview surveys the conceptual and practical development of the policy sciences as an independent field of academic studies. It outlines the conditions that led to the emergence of this field and its expansion over the years. In addition, the article portrays the range of substantive topics and methodologies of the policy sciences. Finally, it presents the logic that guided the structure of this symposium.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1992.tb00474.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This essay reviews some of the recent criticisms of positivist science. It interprets this criticism, more generally, as directed towards the complexity of social science phenomena and the difficulty of dealing with complexity epistemologically and methodologically. Rather than ignoring complexity, changing the subject matter or explaining it away, we argue that complexity may be acknowledged and studied systematically withn the context of post‐positivist approaches. The essay than proposes several strategies for conceptualizing and researching complexity (at a “meta‐level” from substantive policy research) that are based in systems

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1992.tb00475.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The 1970s saw a change in direction of development policy priorities, shifting attention from large‐scale infrastructural projects to “basic needs,” focusing particularly on the conditions of the poorest people in poor countries. Unfortunately, the learning potential from that experience has been minimal due to the lack of an appropriate project evaluation strategy. The evaluation challenge is described, and an alternative is proposed in the form of the “barefoot evaluator.” An example of barefoot evaluation‐domestic water system construction in Nepal‐is presented to illustrate the potential for very low‐cost, easily executed evaluation of basic

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1992.tb00476.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Despite the vast number of studies of the guns‐butter tradeoff, we still do not know whether guns come at the expense of butter. In this article we attempt to clarify some of the major conceptual, measurement and statistical problems associated with this line of researc

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1992.tb00477.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article discusses the possibility of applying deductively based rational choice theories as analytical tools for understanding complex policy problems. It surveys the basic assumptions, axioms and rules of interpretation on which the theory is constructed and some of its important findings. Two of its more interesting results, that of the “paradox of voting” and of the “prisoner's dilemma,” are presented and applied

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1992.tb00478.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY