ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1983.tb00721.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1983.tb00722.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The current strategic planning for nuclear war is based on the assumptions that it is an effective way to deter the Soviet Union and that we can actually survive such a war. These are erroneous, for the Soviets are not likely to be any more deterred by our plans for nuclear war than they are by our current strategy. The illusion that “victory” is possible in a nuclear war overlooks the medical and other evidence about the extent of death, injury and disease that a nuclear war would bring. War should be conducted with a view of post‐war benefit in mind, but a nuclear war would yield no benefits, regardless of the futile and even delirious efforts to make evacuation plans for major cities in the event of nuclea

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1983.tb00723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

What is the role of program evaluation research in making and implementing social policy and how do program evaluators view the social programs they evaluate? This article discusses the findings of two closely related studies that examine these questions from the perspective of organization theory. These studies found that program evaluations rely on methods of research that do not correspond to the extent of uncertainty in social programs over goals and causal knowledge, and that most evaluations define organizational effectiveness solely in terms of goal achievement. In addition, of the various groups with a stake in the evaluation process, only federal and top program administrators influenced the implementation and interpretation of the studies. These findings, when taken together, suggest that program evaluation research acts more to augment administrative control than to increase our understanding of the effects of social policy.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1983.tb00724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The role of the individual implementer in the process of policy implementation deserves more attention. This paper focuses on the behaviors of individual implementers at the street‐level. A typology of fourteen compliant and non‐compliant behaviors is introduced and i t s application in studies of micro‐implementation is disc

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1983.tb00725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent federal reports, the projected “new” federalism, research in financial and economic trends, and the emerging consensus concerning local government distress have highlighted the fact that no comprehensive or systematic federal, state, or local policies exist to deal with the problems that have been identified. The purpose of this article is to perform a statebased study of financial patterns and trends in local governments that have implications for state policy. Included in the analysis were correlations between constant dollar financial indicators and an instability index for four data points. The results of the analysis and trends suggest that certain consistent patterns which have implications for state policy ex

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1983.tb00726.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1983.tb00727.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Government intervention in the form of consumer protection is appropriate where consumers have less than the required amount of information to protect themselves, where transaction costs act to reduce consumer self‐protection below acceptable levels, where consumer welfare is not sufficiently considered in oligopolistic markets, where private costs and social costs diverge due to externalities, where a certain level of quality assurance is necessary if markets are to function and where riskier products removal from the market lowers firms' insurance premiums as well as serves the interest of public health and safety. Consumer protection is a public good which will not be available in optimal quantities without government interventio

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1983.tb00728.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article compares the emergence of consumer protection as an issue on the public policy agendas of Britain and the United States in the 1960s. Similar forces caused the emergence of consumer protection in both cases. Governmental responses to consumer protection issues also have been similar, but distinctive features of each country's political system are evident as well. The analysis draws upon existing consumer protection literature for each country as well as the author's interviews with a number of Britons involved in this policy area. The principal conclusion is that consumer protection gained each country's policy agenda as a discretionary item. Events of the past few years demonstrate that it is not yet a durable agenda item in either case.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1983.tb00729.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Research evidence concerning product characteristics, consumer characteristics and product purchase situations is examined. Assumptions underlying consumer policy strategies directed at enhancing the ability of consumers to protect themselves and those strategies aimed at product quality control are analyzed in light of the evidence. Alternative policy strategies are analyzed for consumer incentives and with respect to product characteristics, consumer characteristics and product purchase situations. Recommendations regarding consumer protection policy strategies and for research concerning alternative policy strategies are provided. Illustrative policy strategies are included.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1983.tb00730.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY