ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1985.tb00238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Genocidal tendencies that exist today are due to the embrace of realpolitik and the glorification of the state. Unrestrained nationalism can only lead to mass killing with conviction and pure heart. Genocide is the commission of specific acts with intent to destroy, wholly o r in part, a national ethnic, racial o r religious group. There are many cases of genocide today which the U.S. ignores because it makes anti‐Sovietism the centerpiece of I t s foreign policy. International law is not enough to prevent genocide. Natural law and the judgements at Nuremberg as well are not sufficient. The problem is one of individuals who must reduce their loyalty to the state as the dominant imperative of political life. Only then will realpolitik be controlle

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1985.tb00239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Policy scientists can make important contributions to the study of policy distribution, a question that is likely to be among the most crucial national issues to be discussed throughout this decade. One aspect of this question that has been neglected is the theoretical assumption associated with public choice theory that politicians, once elected, will reward their supporters through the distribution of policy benefits. However, empirical research indicates that policy benefits seldom are distributed in this way. Instead, politicians follow the principle of universalism. In league with bureaucracies and policy communities, politicians define need and then ask bureaucracies to allocate benefits. This makes politicians roles as distributors of policy very different than simplistic models suggest.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1985.tb00240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This is a comment stimulated by the article entitled “Scattered Thoughts on a Democratic Dilemma, by Nicholas Henry (PSR, August 1984). A reconstruction of part of the argument made by Henry is presented and an alternative view of the democratic process is sketched. The democratic process is viewed more as a problem solving process than a clout exercising proces

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1985.tb00241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 1981, states, for the first time, were given an option to restructure the AFDC welfare program and require recipients to work in exchange for benefits. States have acted on this opportunity to introduce workfare or work requirements in a climate of polarized discussion and limited information. This paper summarizes the findings available from the pre‐1981 demonstrations on the feasibility, impact, and cost‐effectiveness of this approach. The authors conclude that these early demonstrations and evaluations provide very limited guidance to program administrators. The paper describes briefly a five‐year social experiment currently under way in nine states to address the critical open policy questions through comprehensive process, impact, and benefit‐cost

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1985.tb00242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Prior to the energy crisis of 1973, the U.S. did not have an energy policy. The failure of the American political system to anticipate and respond to the changing facts of energy was an inevitable outcome of the way policy is made. Consistent with tradition, the search for a consensus was begun from 1973–1980. The U.S. abandoned cheap energy as a high priority and adopted secure, abundant and clean energy. Conservation came to be viewed as a source of energy along with nuclear power and synfuels. Price deregulation was the most important policy tool. The Reagan administration upset this consensus and substituted the market place as the means for maximizing supplies rather than reduce demand.The federal role was limited to bringing publicly‐owned bonds into the marketplace. At the same time, it reduced RED and concern for the environment. Thus, the Reagan administration succeeded in snatching failure from the jaws of succ

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1985.tb00243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sex preselection is the ability to select the sex of one's offspring prior to conception. After a discussion of the potential methods of sex preselection, this paper explores the possible diffusion of sex preselection biotechnologies within sociopolitical systems. Ethical aspects are discussed w i t h i n the context of broad social issues, family considerations, social class effects, crime, religion, and medical services. The article concludes with an examination of the public policy choices that might confront decision makers should sex preselection become a reality.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1985.tb00244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The assumption that bureaucratic rationality and efficiency promote democracy is examined briefly from several theoretical perspectives. The efforts of the new conservativesu1 and new corporatists to impose private sector and business forms on the public sector as a way of achieving greater public sector productivity is reviewed. The contribution of this symposium and its specific articles to understanding the ethical and practical consequences of these efforts is presented.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1985.tb00245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Traditional economic theorists have argued that services in general, and public services in particular, are unproductive and parasitic. Data is presented from seven representative countries at varying levels of economic development to show that, in fact, services are productive and play a critical role both in enabling the production of goods and In ensuring quality of life.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1985.tb00246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The general nature of the productivity ethic is discussed, with i t s limitations i n the public sector being stressed. The economic institutional model upon which the private sector business productivity construct is built is compared with the political institutional model operating in governmental agencies. Value paradoxes and dilemmas of government policymakers and administrators supporting agency productivity improvement efforts are analyzed. The study concludes that a better understanding of the limited nature of the productivity vision as well as i t s unique ethical characteristics would do much to improve governmental performance and the morale of public employees.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1985.tb00247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY