ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1981.tb00372.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1981.tb00373.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1981.tb00374.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In comparison with the other social and behavioral sciences, there has been a general lack of anthropological input or interest in public policy.This absence from the public policy arena has been the result of both historical developments and theoretical biases within the field. Nevertheless, there have been certain periods when significant numbers of anthropologists have worked in policy areas‐the 1930s. World War Il‐but even then their influence was not great. However, in recent years we have witnessed a rapidly growing emphasis on public policy in applied anthropology which promises to give the discipline the opportunity to become atruly holistic policy science.In addition to the discussion of the factors which have impeded and, more recently, contributed to anthropological involvement with public policy, each of the symposium papers is briefly introdu

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1981.tb00375.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the spring of 1975, the United States was faced not only with military defeat in Vietnam, but also with the challenge of processing, caring for and eventually resettling more than 130,000 persons fleeing Vietnam.This paper presents a case study of the operation‐“New Life” which evacuated these refugees and cared for them on Guam until they could be resettled. The account focuses on the logistic problems and pragmatic solutions reached in a situation where there existed a wide gap between public policy and i t s application. This discussion is especially instructive in light of the growing national and international problem of refugee reloc

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1981.tb00376.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Medical anthropologists have frequently limited themselves to studying cultural factors in illness, curing or resistance to the acceptance of modern Western medical services. This prevailing “socioculturalist” approach has serious analytical shortcomings resulting from underestimating the importance of the social formations in which cultural factors occur. Consequently, the policy recommendations produced in medical anthropology are often crippled by theoretical limitations. It is argued that the historically specific constellation of social relations governing production and the appropriation and distribution of the economic surplus‐commonly embodied in the functions of the state‐have profound effects on the pattern of health and illness as well as on the availability of health services. In underdeveloped countries an analysis of the role of the state in health is especially important, since the organs of state power play a stronger role in health care than in countries with well developed markets for medical services.In the case of Sudan, the interests of the state in colonial and postindependence periods required a development strategy involving large‐scale irrigated agriculture utilizing seasonal migrant labor. The labor and health policies aimed at economic productivity and political stability are analyzed here in relation to the adverse health effects and serious maldistribution of health services which

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1981.tb00377.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Social Impact Assessments (SIAs), prompted by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and by complementary legislation in certain states, are prepared, ostensibly, to provide expert scientific analyses of human societies; to project the probable consequences to those societies from largescale projects planned for their environments; to suggest ways to mitigate deleterious consequences; and to aid decision makers. The majority of SlAs prepared in relation to proposed energy developments have not been based on expert scientific analysis; omit crucial topics; are seldom based on primary analyses of the communities that will be affected; and often suggest ways to mitigate infrastructural problems (roads, houses and utilities) but l i t t l e else. Interests of the corporations that seek development permits are served by research houses commissioned to prepare SIAs, and by the agencies that approve the SlAs and subsequently grant permits to the corporations to commence with their energy‐related projects‐the interests of the community residents are not served. The responsibility of social scientists in preparing SlAs for communities that are scheduled for energy‐related projects and state‐of‐the‐art analyses of those communities ar

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1981.tb00378.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The past and potential contributions of anthropology to public policy have been described andlor argued for by numerous writers in the past decade, but the primary application and concern have been at the national and international levels. The present paper continues this discussion, but focuses on state‐level policy in Alaska. The work of three Alaskan anthropologists is presented; they have made significant contributions to policy in the areas of law, Native Alaskan subsistence rights and fisheries management. Their work is evaluated in the context of a five‐step model for conducting policy analysis which begins with the assessment of policy‐making environments and ends with an evaluation of policy alternatives. The primary policy concerns of the anthropologists discussed involved the traditional research focus of anthropology, Native Alaskans; however, the tools they employ and background they bring to their work, the specific kinds of policy issues and problems confronted, are not as traditional. One of the anthropologists discussed is atlingit Indian completing doctoral studies at Harvard University, another is a lawyer‐anthropologist, and the third is highly trained in biological and economic theory as well as computer technology. It is argued that the “hyphenated“ anthropologist, at least as exemplified in the cases discussed, is most readily equipped to make policy relevant co

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1981.tb00379.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sociolinguistics has generally promoted assimilationkt language policy even though many sociolinguists are ardent supporters of cultural and linguistic pluralism, and have been politically active in support of the languages and cultures of their research subjects. The 1978 Ann Arbor Black English Trial‐the King decision depended heavily upon the testimony given by sociolinguists in support of the plaintiffs, who argued that they had been denied an equal educational opportunity. The King decision exemplifies a problematic and unresolved conflict between linguistic research as a descriptive enterprise and applications of linguistic research which, by and large, implement assimilationkt language policy. Many sociolinguists favor the retention of cultural and linguistic pluralism, yet their research is utilized to design programs which will promote literacy in standard written English.The King decision suggests that the participation of sociolinguists in policymaking processes simultaneously improves the data base underlying policy decisions, and complicates the implementation of new policy by disseminating linguistic data which clash with mainstream cultural values, thereby generating a backlash against the new polic

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1981.tb00380.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The author draws on a variety of long‐ and short‐term experiences in applied anthropology to characterize some of the differences between academic and non‐academic research contexts. The differences are illustrated with two examples of consulting on drug projects; one involving Indian drug programs, the other, a four city study of PCP use. The conclusion suggests how anthropology graduate programs might change to train students for this kind of

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1981.tb00381.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY