ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00758.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

International civil aviation is governed by a cartel that dissipates its monopoly profits in surplus capacity. Based on the 1946 Bermuda agreement and the International Air Transport Association, the cartel imposes heavy costs on U.S. consumers and air travellers in general. The Carter administration attempted to make international aviation more competitive, but this progress was substantially reversed under Reagan. A new policy should be based on treating air travel the same as any other commodity and therefore subject to U.S. antidumping and antitrust laws. The goal of the policy should be to shift the cost of maintaining inefficient national flag carriers from the international community back on to the taxpayers of those countries.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00759.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In recent years, American business has attempted to learn the secrets of Japanese business success. This paper asks whether it would be equally useful to examine Japanese public administration to determine why the Japanese government seems to be so much more successful than American government in implementing public policies. It is widely agreed that policy implementation in the United States involves considerable “slippage” between policy intent and achievement. By contrast, scholars agree that Japanese public policy is usually implemented effectively and efficiently. This paper argues that the Japanese case has three important implications for the United States: effective policy implementation is possible, better implementation would result from allowing civil servants to participate more fully in policy formulation, and the development of an elite corps of top civil servants could make a major contribution to better policymaking and implementat

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00760.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Implementation has been used to try to explain too much, particularly that policy formulation should be oriented around implementation. The concentration on implementation has added little to our theoretical understanding of policymaking. Implementation studies have taken either “The Horrors of War” or “The Search for Theory” views. The latter has four major views, none of which is adequate. The best approach is to treat implementation as only one of a number of conditions which must be fulfilled for successful policymaking. The design perspection, explained in the paper, is the best approach f

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00761.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Policy researchers have become increasingly familiar with a number of improved techniques for analyzing data obtained from interrupted time‐series designs for evaluating public programs and policies. In this paper we contribute to this trend by presenting two groups of data analysis techniques which are not currently widely used by policy researchers, but are likely to be valuable adjuncts to traditional regression techniques for analyzing data obtained from interrupted time‐series designs. First, aids for model specification are presented that enable the analyst to define an appropriate linear trend model—often one which will reduce the degree of multicollinearity and, therefore, produce more precise estimates of the impacts of a public program or policy. Next we consider approaches for point estimation and joint (simultaneous) interval estimation of a policy intervention's total effect at various points in

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00762.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examines the impact of four different types of no‐fault automobile insurance laws on the risk adjusted price of insurance. No‐fault insurance plans are in operation in 23 states. Using data from 1976 to 1984 for 49 states, the study found that no‐fault plans limiting litigation result in lower prices for automobile insurance. This relationship holds even under controls for several variables that also affect the price of automobile insu

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00763.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00764.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

While the study of mature organizations and bureaucracies is well established, there has been comparatively little examination of the creation and development of new organizations. What work has been done is highly fragmented, primarily by discipline, and concentrates on different facets of a complex phenomenon. Following a literature review and classification this article attempts a conceptual integration; it proposes a system dynamics model for the creation and development of one particular organizational type: new, technology based organizations. Drawing upon concepts from ecology, the central concept of the model is that new venture creation takes place within, and is thus dependent upon, a larger context of “ecosystem” consisting of environmental resources (technical expertise, capital, services) and existing inhabitants (individuals, firms, and institutions). Intraorganizational factors are also discussed including a set of proposed measures for new venture success. The article closes with some suggestions for the direction of future research and describes a research project the authors have recently be

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00765.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The venture capital industry represents the high growth end of the enterprise development spectrum. To promote this high value activity, states have ventured into new development finance realms. This article reviews various state approaches and concentrates on a diversified strategy adopted by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00766.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Relationships between a variety of firm characteristics and perceptions of government are investigated. Then views about government are considered in connection with firms' commitment to their present location. One finding that is well supported is that taxes and regulations (at least for this sample and within this region) are a source of considerable dissatisfaction. Satisfaction with government services does not come near “offsetting” the displeasure with taxes and regulations. Larger firms are more likely to have unfavorable perceptions of government constraints, but more likely to have favorable views about government services. There is no evidence from this data that high tech firms differ significantly from other firms in their views about government. In regards to implications for business retention, the findings support the notion that state governments seeking to market their state to businesses located elsewhere might turn a greater proportion of attention to businesses currently residing in the st

ISSN:1541-132X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00767.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY