ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00001.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The early postnatal period has been identified as a time of increased risk lor primary sensitisation to aeroallergens. The expression of the allergic phenotype is predominantly genetically determined but is influenced by a myriad of environmental factors. The underlying mechanisms for allergic sensitisation to inhalant allergens have been investigated in both humans and experimental animal models. Data from the literature in both these areas are in agreement that the nature of the initial response of the T‐cell arm of the immune system to first encounters with an aero‐allergen can potentially determine whether allergic sensitisation will occur and be manifest in later life as allergic respiratory disease. The combination of exposure to environmental “risk factors” along with the immaturity of the mucosal component of the infant's immune system may provide a basis for the increased risk of allergic sensitisation in early ch

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The cumulative incidence of atopic disease from birth to about 11 yr of age and the prevalence during the 11th year was investigated in a cohort of 1654 non‐selected children by an evaluated questionnaire. The total cumulative incidence of obvious atopic disease was 32. 5%, of bronchial asthma 5. 3%, and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis 14. 4%. The prevalence of itopic disease was 23. 7%. Obvious atopic disease developed in 67% of children with cord blood IgE ≥ 0.9 kU/l and a further 15% developed probable atopic disease. The positive predictive value of a family history of atopic disease was 45%. Children with a high cord blood IgE had a 5‐fold increased risk for developing bronchial asthma. The sensitivity of cord blood IgE determination using 0.9 kU/l as cut‐off was only 26%. Therefore, it can not without modifications be recommended as a single screening test. Neonatal IgE determination is., however, suitable, if used in conjunction with the family history, for identifying candidates at high risk for early development of atopic disease, e. g. for evaluation of the effect of preventive measures. Parents tend to forget symptoms (25%) that their children presented some years ago. Questionnaires are thus more suitable for establishing prevalence compared with cumulative rate of atopic

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Expression of low‐affinity receptors for IgE (FcɛRII) on T and B cells was examined with monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens of FcɛRII (CD23), T cells (CD3) or B cells (CD 19) by two‐dimensional analysis under laser flow cytometry system. The majority of cells bearing FcɛRII were B cells; however, a small proportion of T cells (1. 6%) bore FcɛRII in children with atopic asthma and elevated serum level of IgE. The occurrence of FcɛRII positive B cells was also increased in children with atopic asthma compared with non‐atopic controls (p<0.001). The numbers of T and B cells hearing Fc receptors for IgG (FcɛR) did not differ between atopic and non‐atopic children. T cells were isolated from venous blood by rosetting with sheep erythrocytes, and then culturedin vitrowith phytohemagglutinin plus phorbol‐myristate‐acetate. The amount of IgE‐binding factors (IgE‐BF), a soluble form of FcɛRII, was determined by means of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The level of IgE‐BF was increased in cultures from children with a atopic asthma compared with non‐atopic controls (p<0.01). The possible involvements of FcɛRII on T cells and their soluble products, IgE‐BF, in the pathogenesi

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Passive smoking has been shown to cause increased incidence of lower respiratory tract infection and wheezing in young children and an inceased risk of childhood asthma. To evaluate possible influence of tobacco smoke on allergic bronchial sensitization we exposed guinea pigs to tobacco smoke in 3 concentrations of clean air (control group) for 8 h on 5 consecutive days (median plasma cotinine 5. 0—25. 4—87, 2 ng/l). The animals were sensitized by repeated inhalation with ovalbumin. Histologic examination at the end of exposure revealed reactive epithelial hyperplasia and regenerative changes as well as inflammatory reaction mainly in the lung periphery, and histamine provocation showed increased bronchial reactivity at the end of tobacco smoke exposure. Sensitization was measured by specific bronchial provocation testing using body plethysmographic measurement of compressed air (CA) and specific anti‐ovalbumin‐antibodies of the IgG1‐subclass in the serum, measured by direct ELISA in ELISA units (EU). The group with the highest tobacco smoke exposure differed significantly in bronchial reactivity on specific bronchial provocation tests (p<0.005) compared with the control groups and showed elevated unspecific IgG1‐antibody levels indicating enhanced sensitization. We conclude that intensive exposure to tobacco smoke over a short period of 5 d can enhance inhalational allergic sensitization in the guinea pig and might explain the increased incidence of respiratory allergies in child pass

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The multiple allergosorbent chemiluminescent assay (MAST‐CLA) is a system to measure total and allergen‐specific IgE in human serum by means of a chemiluminescent immuno‐enzymatic system. The test has been compared with skin test, RAST and clinical history in 67 atopic, asthmatic children. The individual percentage agreement between MAST‐CLA and skin test was grass pollen 67%, tree pollen 82%, cat 76%, dog 84%, house dust mite 87%, alternaria 64%, aspergillus 79%, cladosporium 84%, penicillium 93%, milk 78% and egg 76% and between MAST‐CLA and RAST was grass pollen 62%, tree pollen 72%, cat 75%, dog 72% and mite 87%. The total IgE levels on MAST‐CLA did not agree with PRIST results. MAST‐CLA was randomly duplicated and proved repToducible in 85% of tests. Changes between positive and negative results occurred in only 4% of tests. Clinical history predicted allergy diagnosis accurately in 21 (31. 5%) cases whilst MAST‐CLA provided additional information in 14 (21%). MAST‐CLA proved least reliable for grass pollen allergy diagnosis, which has prompted a change in allergen composition for this assay. MAST‐CLA is a simplein vitrotest for specific IgE to 35 allergens which compares favourably with RAST. The variation in correlates with other techniques of allergy diagnosis, however, indicates that there are differences in credibility for each result within the m

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study of 66 children with congenital heart disease found 26 (39%) with IgG subclass deficiency, the majority being of the IgG4isotype. Conventional immunoiogical assessment (IgG, IgA, IgM, T cell) revealed 21 (32%) with immunodeficiency, while inclusion of IgG subclass assessment revealed a total of 35 (53%) of the 66 children had immuno‐deficiency. Children with conotruncal lesions appeared to be predisposed to immunodeficiency affecting T cells and IgG subclasses (especially IgG4) while those with shunt and stenotic lesions had a broad spectrum of immunoglobulin deficiencies. There was significant correlation between immunodeficiency and proneness to infection in these children (p<0.01). These results suggest that immunodeficiency is a frequent occurrence in children with congenital heart disease, and that IgG subclass measurements should be added to the diagnostic work

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Homozygous deficiency of the second component of complement (C2) occurs in one in 10, 000 individuals. Its clinical manifestations range from essentially no symptoms to recurrent infections or evidence of collagen‐vascular disease. We present here a case report and a review of the literature focusing on recurrent systemic infections in C2‐deficient individuals. Thirteen of 20 patients vi'ith C2 deficiency and a history of invasive bacterial infections have had recurrent episodes of bacteremia or meningitis. Most of these patients were children, andStreptococcus pneumoniaewas the most common pathogen reported. The use of prophylactic antibiotics.Haemophilus influenzaetype b and pneumococcal vaccines, and prompt medical attention for any febrile illness should be encouraged in children with documented C2 deficiency. Although there are no studies to date to document their efficacy, the above measures may serve to diminish the frequency of recurrent systemic bacterial disease in these child

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0905-6157    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY