ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article describes the second phase of testing the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire (NSSQ), an instrument designed to measure multiple dimensions of social support. Three studies were conducted to provide a normative data base and to further test validity.In the first study, data from 136 employed adults were obtained. The amount and type of support available for a functioning group of male and female respondents and sources of support for this sample are described.In the second and third studies, the instrument was found to be very stable over a seven-month interval and sensitive to changes within the social support networks of a group of graduate students during their first year of study. Construct validity of the instrument was established by comparing convergent and discriminant constructs to the NSSQ. Concurrent validity with another social support questionnaire was demonstrated.Predictive validity was tested in a sample of 53 graduate students through assessing the buffering effect of social support on measures of negative mood following life stress. Two NSSQ subscales, aid and duration of relationships, had significant interaction effects with life stress on the outcome of negative mood. Duration of relationships also had a significant main effect. After subtracting the main effect for life stress from the overallR2in the multiple regression analysis, the NSSQ functional support subscales and their interactions with life stress accounted for 19 percent of the variance on negative mood, and the NSSQ network property subscales and their interactions accounted for 20 percent of the variance.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Three groups of women were compared to determine their perceptions of giving birth and the relationships between those perceptions and their degree of participation in decision making, the type of anesthesia for delivery, and the presence of their husbands at the births. Forty women had vaginal deliveries; 39 had emergency cesareans, and 43 had planned cesareans. All the women were interviewed and completed self-administered questionnaires two to four days after delivery. The three groups had significantly different perceptions of the birth experience with the emergency cesarean birth group having the most negative perception. Among women having cesareans, more positive perceptions were associated with regional anesthesia, presence of their husbands at delivery, and greater participation in decision making. Women in the cesarean groups were less likely to breast feed, and those having planned cesareans were least likely to attend childbirth classes. Many of the women were unaware of the options available to them that could influence the birth experiences.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty-seven married first-time fathers attending uncomplicated deliveries of normal infants were randomly assigned to two groups, holding or not holding at delivery. At 12 to 36 hours postpartum, bonding behavior frequencies were recorded during ten minutes of father-infant interaction. Two observers measured the behaviors; verbal interaction, smiling, eye contact, fingertip and whole-hand touching. Analysis of the data by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no difference between the groups (p> .05). More bonding behaviors were noted with increased levels of education, male infants, breastfed infants, and outlet-forcep or cesarean-section deliveries. Early contact did not appear to enhance bonding, although several other factors seemed to be related, indicating a need for further study on paternal bonding.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The attitudes of women (1) toward a woman in menopause, (2) comparable male and non-menopausal female stimulus figures, (3) and themselves were compared using a vignette approach. Vignettes depicting a middle-aged female and a middle-aged male were presented to 152 women between the ages of 18 and 55. The women were asked to rate the vignette subjects on a semantic differential. Approximately half of the women received a vignette of a woman who was identified as being menopausal, and half received the identical vignette without the menopausal condition. Participants then completed a semantic differential rating of themselves and the Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS). There was no difference in the semantic differential ratings of the menopausal vs. the nonmenopausal vignette characters, nor in the male vs. the female characters. Although the participants ranked themselves higher than both the female and male characters, there was no difference in the ratings of the vignettes or the self by women with lower vs. higher self-esteem.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

State anxiety (STAI), critical thinking ability (CTA), and judged duration were tested for coping relatedness and change over time in 85 women, aged 18 to 60, who were experiencing breast biopsy. Participants were tested after hospital admission but before diagnostic results were known. Six to eight weeks later, women whose results were benign were tested again—when an acute crisis is considered concluded. Findings revealed extremely high state anxiety levels prior to biopsy and compromised reasoning ability at a critical time when demands on cognitive functioning were high.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study explored the decision making process of physicians and parents in choosing between hospital and home care for children in the terminal phase of cancer. Data were gathered from hospital records of the children and from interviews with their parents. Discriminant function analysis of hospital record data suggested that the physician's influence over care and treatment choices remained the dominant influence into the terminal phase. Yet parents reported that they were most influenced by their child's and their own desires and beliefs about their ability to provide care. The possibility of a two-stage decision process is offered to explain this discrepancy.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A middle range, multivariate practice model was constructed to test the impact of a perioperative teaching program on multiple patient outcomes: coping, anxiety, recovery pattern, pain, and patient satisfaction. In addition, the influence of such a program on nursing staff was examined. A quasi-experimental, causal modeling approach was used. The operative trajectory of 88 patients and their operating room nursing staff was traced from two pre-operative points through the intra-operative stage to two points post-operatively. The experimental patients (n= 54) evidenced higher satisfaction with their care, a tendency to experience less post-operative vomiting, but also tended to recover more slowly and cope less well than the control patients (n= 34). Multiple regression analysis of the practice model suggested the perioperative teaching program affected patient outcomes, indirectly, through the functioning of the staff nurses intra-operatively.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study investigated the relationship between weight loss, locus of control, and social support. It was hypothesized that internals would be more successful in weight reduction than externals/powerful others or externals/chance; that participants with higher social support scores would be more successful in weight reduction than participants with lower social support scores; and that social support would contribute more to success in weight reduction in externals/powerful others than in internals or externals/chance. Subjects were 46 female employees of a large life insurance company who had participated in a nutrition and weight control program. They were studied six months later to assess weight change, locus of control (specifically, using a multidimensional health locus of control scale and a modified weight locus of control scale) and social support (using an investigator-developed scale). Study findings did not support the hypotheses. Rather, a significant negative relationship was found between social support and weight reduction in the case of internals. Possible explanations for the findings were discussed, along with recommendations for practice and further research. For example, it was suggested that it may be most desirable for those attempting weight loss to be sufficiently internal that they believe they are capable of bringing their weight under control, yet sufficiently external that they are amenable to the advice of health professionals.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relationship between interest in management roles and personality, demographic, and career background characteristics of 122 female nurses was investigated. The study tested the proposition that women in nursing seek roles within the profession that permit the expression of their personalities. The subjects, first-quarter master's degree students, were classified into management or non-management groups, based upon their scores on the business management scale of the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory (SCII).Results of a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) for unequalN'sshowed significant group differences on seven of the 11 scales of the Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI). Findings indicated that those who exhibited managerial interests were more practical-minded, sociable, conforming, dominant, expressive, and had more occupational interests than those who did not demonstrate such interest. Women lacking managerial interests showed a greater preference for “feminine,‘’ low-status occupations. No significant group differences were found on any of the 19 demographic and career back-ground variables.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID