ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Motor Performance Inventory (MPI), a series of upper and lower extremity movements for predicting functional dependence and independence. A random sample of 197 persons, aged 65 and above, who resided in one of eight extended care facilities, were stratified as independent, assist (intermediate), or dependent using modified 1990 Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) operational criteria. A stepwise procedure yielded a five-task combination that accounted for 90% of the variance in functional level. The final model accurately predicted group membership 72% of the time.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to develop and test psychometrically a self-report instrument designed to measure sense of belonging in adults. The Sense of Belonging Instrument (SOBI) is a 27-item, self-report instrument consisting of two separately scored scales, SOBI-P (psychological state) and SOBI-A (antecedents). Content validity was assessed by a panel of experts. Construct validity, internal consistency, and retest reliability were examined through a series of studies with three subject groups: community college students, patients in treatment for major depression, and Roman Catholic nuns. Results suggest that SOBI-P is a valid and reliable measure of sense of belonging. SOBI-A appears to reflect an individual's motivation for sense of belonging but requires additional study regarding its construct validity and internal consistency.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Patients who had experienced major illness, surgery, or trauma were asked to “tell their stories.” Using a phenomenological method, eight themes emerged that reflected the experience of the lived body (corporeality) associated with discomfort. These were the dis-eased body, the disobedient body, the deceiving body, the vulnerable body, the violated, body, the resigned body, the enduring body, and the betraying body. To patients, comfort is not an ultimate state of peace and serenity, but rather the relief, even temporary relief, from the most demanding discomfort. Illness and injury place patients' bodies into the foreground, dominating their attention and disrupting their accustomed orientation to the world. Thus, an understanding of patient comfort that is linked with discomfort and empowers or strengthens patients in relation to their bodies provides important insight. The authors argue that attaining comfort is a paradox best understood by reflecting not on the concept of comfort perse, but on its converse. This supports, rather than negates, the construct of comfort as the goal of nursing care.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The health-promoting lifestyles of blue-collar, skilled trade, and white-collar workers were examined. Specific purposes included determining differences in health-promoting behaviors, especially according to worker category, as well as ethnic identification, age, gender, education, and marital status. A convenience sample of 638 workers in a midwestern automotive components plant completed the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) and demographics questionnaire. In a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) including all demographic variables, significant differences were found in the mean scores on subscales of the HPLP by job category (2 subscales), age (3), gender (2); and education (4). Prior to including education in the MANOVA, significant differences were found by job category on 5 subscales of the HPLP. The effects of education eliminated the majority of the effects of job category.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In this feminist narrative study using in-depth interviews and focus groups, a racially and economically diverse sample of 45 lesbians described their access to and experience with health care. The multistaged narrative analysis revealed structural and interpersonal conditions uniquely faced by lesbians in obtaining health care services. At the macrolevel, heterosexist structuring of health care delivery was obstructive to lesbians' health care seeking, health knowledge, and health behaviors. At the micro, or individual level, health care providers' heterosexual assumptions competed against potentially supportive interactions with lesbian clients.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Seventy-nine experienced fathers (with one or more previous children) and 93 inexperienced (first-time) fathers were studied for differences in paternal-infant attachment atpostpartal hospitalization and at 1, 4, and 8 months following birth. No significant differences were observed between the groups for reported attachment to their infants; scores varied little. Over the 8-month period, from 27% to 47% and from 9% to 22% of the variance in attachment was explained for experienced fathers and inexperienced fathers, respectively. Fetal attachment was a major predictor for attachment for experienced fathers at the first three test periods, explaining 19% of the variance at early postpartal bospitalization, 16% at 1 month, and 9% at 4 months. It was a major predictor for inexperienced fathers the first month only, explaining 13% of the variance at early postpartal hospitalization and 15% at 1 month. Depression was the second most important predictor. For experienced fathers, it explained 8% of attachment at early postpartum and 22% at 8 months; for inexperienced fathers, it explained 7% at 1 month and 9% at 4 months. Environmental factors such as social support and stress bad no effects on fathers' attachment to their infants.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this grounded theory study was to examine the parenting process when a child has developmental delay including mental retardation (DD/MR). The sample consisted of parents (29 mothers, 13 fathers) of 31 children with DD/MR. A semistructured interview guide was used to collect data during 1− to 1.5-hour interviews. The basic social process of Transformed Parenting emerged from the data. Transformed Parenting consists of an initial entrance process and a subsequent ongoing performance process. The entrance process encompasses receiving the child's diagnosis and responding to the child's diagnosis. The performance process consists of three areas: reality construing processes, contextual processes, and operating processes. At the core of the reality constrting process is construing reality loops, which describes the ongoing process of interpreting the child's problems.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examined Health Belief Model predictors of parent involvement with preschool children in an alcohol and other drug (AOD) prevention program. Over 300 Head Start parents were invited to participate in BABES (Beginning Alcohol and Addictions Basic Education Studies) with their children once a week for 7 weeks. Two hundred parents completed self-report instruments prior to participation in BABES. Previous classroom involvement, barriers, county, and race predicted high attendance (3 to 7 lessons). AOD use severity, benefits, and role modeling predicted low attendance (1 to 2 lessons). Further research involving manipulation of external cues, parent involvement in nonclassroom settings, and race-homogeneous samples is recommended.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This experimental study compared the effects of jaw relaxation and music, individually and combined, on sensory and affective pain following surgery. Abdominal surgical patients (N = 84) were randomly assigned to four groups: relaxation, music, a combination of relaxation and music, and control. Interventions were taught preoperatively and used by subjects during the first ambulation after surgery. Indicators of the sensory component of pain were sensation and 24-hour narcotic intake. Indicator of the affective component of pain were distress and anxiety of pain. With preambulatory sensation, distress, narcotic intake, and preoperative anxiety as covariates, the four groups were compared using orthogonal a priori contrasts and analysis of covariance. The interventions were neither effective nor significantly different from one another during ambulation. However, after keeping the taped interventions for 2 postoperative days, 89% of experimental subjects reported them helpful for sensation and distress of pain.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID