ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Patterns of self-transcendence that older adults report as being important to their emotional well-being are described in this study, and the relationship between self-transcendence and mental health symptomatology in oldest-old adults is investigated. The sample consisted of 55 independent-living older adults, 80 to 97 years old. Methodological trianglulation was used whereby qualitative data together with quantitative findings were examined. Four patterns of self-transcendence, congruent with the investigator's definition, were identified by the participants as being important to their sense of well-being: Generativity, Introjectivity, Temporal Integration, and Body-Transcendence. Results of Pearson correlation analysis and matrix analysis of data supported a relationship between self-transcendence and mental health found in previous research, thus demonstrating the importance of the expansion of self boundaries in older adults.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A number of instruments are used to measure Orem's (1985) concept of self-care agency. Their use reflects basic assumptions that both the instrument and the underlying tenets of the theory are valid. The purpose of this study was to examine the latent traits associated with three instruments designed to measure self-care agency. These included Denyes' (1980) Self-Care Agency, Kearney and Fleischer's (1979) Exercise of Self-Care Agency, and Hanson and Bickel's (1985) Perception of Self-Care Agency. The convenience sample consisted of 513 adult, non-hospitalized subjects who completed the three instruments. Common factor analysis and canonical correlation were used to identify latent traits and their relationships. The findings support the multidimensionality of Orem's (1985) concept of self-care agency. However, the use of one instrument does not adequately reflect this multidimensionality.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The reliability of magnitude estimation with an open scale was evaluated in a physiologically stable population of adults with chronic respiratory disease who experienced chronic dyspnea. Magnitude estimation was used to measure one dimension of dyspnea, perceptual sensitivity. The relationship between external inspiratory resistive loads (stimuli) and numbers that reflected, the perceived intensity of the breathing effort (response) as expressed by a power function was measured on three visits 3 to 5 days apart. The correlations of the exponent of the power function between visits were high and stable.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a previous study, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and stool characteristics were found to be influenced by menstrual cycle phase. The current study was designed to replicate initial work regarding GI symptoms and stool characteristics and to explore the relationships between GI symptoms, stool characteristics, ovarian hormone levels, and indicators of psychophysiological arousal. Fifty women (dysmenorrheic, N = 22; nondysmenorrheic, N = 28) maintained a daily dairy for recording stool characteristics, GI symptoms, and daily anxiety level. First morning void urine specimens for catecholamine assays and serum samples for ovarian hormone and cortisol determinations were obtained at menses, follicular, and luteal phases. Results showed menstrual cycle-related differences in stool characteristics and report of GI symptoms, with the greatest changes occurring at menses in the total sample. Dysmenorrheic women reported higher levels of all GI symptoms at menses as compared to nondysmenorrheic women. In addition, cycle-related differences in serum cortisol, urine catecholamines, and report of anxiety were also noted, particularly in dysmenorrheic women. However, looser stools and GI symptoms at menses were not correlated with absolute levels of ovarian hormones or indicators of psychophysiological arousal.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of blood pressure rhythms in school-age children and to compare the circadian mesors and amplitudes between children of normotensive parents and children of hypertensive parents. The sample consisted of 40 healthy children between 8 and 10 years old; 20 children had a parental history of hypertension and 20 did not. Blood pressure was measured every 2 hours during the day and every 90 minutes during the night for one 24-hour cycle using a Dinamap monitor equipped with an automatic printer. Cosinor analyses revealed statistically significant circadian rhythms for systolic and diastolic blood pressures in 12 of the 40 subjects. The acrophases for systolic and diastolic pressures occurred between 1200–1800 hours. The mean systolic mesor was 108.50 while the mean diastolic mesor was 61.41. The mean amplitudes were 8.85 for systolic pressure and 7.44 for diastolic pressure. No statistically significant differences in circadian mesors and amplitudes between children of normotensive parents and children of hypertensive parents were found.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This investigation was designed as a historical cohort study using data abstracted from medical records. Five hundred seven preterm neonates (26–35 weeks gestation) born alive from singleton pregnancies complicated by premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) were selected. Each neonate was matched on gestational age, gender, ethnicity, and date of delivery to a neonate without PROM. A matched pairs analysis was done using risk ratios (RR) to measure strength of the association and risk differences (RD) to measure absolute effect. Analysis revealed that preterm births complicated by PROM were at significantly higher risk of neonatal sepsis (RR = 3.5) and infection (RR = 2.4). The RDs indicated that PROM exposure contributed an excess of 5 cases of sepsis per 100 infants (RD = 0.05). PROM was not significantly associated with neonatal mortality, but when PROM had existed over 48 hours there was a higher risk of sepsis and infection. Birth of a neonate over 1500 grams or 33 weeks gestation was the most important factor in reducing risk of infection in PROM deliveries.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to test a theoretical model predicting the relationships among four concepts: predictability of events, control, anxiety, and coping effort of mothers of children hospitalized with acute physical conditions. The sample consisted of 45 mothers of acutely ill, hospitalized children from 1–24 months of age. For each of the concepts, 16 events commonly associated with hospitalization of a child were proportionately ranked using magnitude estimation measurement technique. The psychometric properties of the instrument were estimated through reliability assessment and cross modality matching. Multiple regression analysis indicated that 97% of the dependent variable, coping effort, was explained by two of the three predictor variables—predictability of events and anxiety. Mothers who knew what events to expect experienced less anxiety and reported expending less effort to cope with the stressful events. Control was not a significant factor in predicting the mothers' coping effort.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Self-As-Carer Inventory was designed to permit individuals to express their perceived capacity to care for self. In the first phase of the study, a 44-item questionnaire was developed and tested through factor analysis primarily using a college population (Geden & Taylor, 1988). After the instrument was revised, a second study, reported here, was conducted with a more heterogeneous population. The age range of the respondents was broadened and the variability of health state and ethnicity was increased. Factor analysis with rotation was conducted on 589 completed inventories using the revised 40-item questionnaire. The 4-factor Promax solution accounted for 52% of the variance. Retention of factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 led to a 6-factor solution accounting for 58% of the variance. Significant positive correlations were found between total scores on the Self-As-Carer Inventory and ratings of health in general (r = .29, p = .0001), health at this moment (r = .25, p = .0001), and an estimate of the amount of their own self-care provided (r = .36, p = .0001). No differences were found in total scores across health state, defined as respondents' reports of being sick-at-home (n = 130), hospitalized (n = 259), or well (n = 200).

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID