ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Women are entering the labor force at unprecedented rates, many combining employment with their roles as wives and mothers. The purpose of this study was to determine if the complement of women's roles was associated with negative mental health effects. It was hypothesized that multiple roles would have negative effects on mental health only in the presence of a social context that itself was associated with symptoms of mental ill health. The contextual variables included influence of sex role norms, task-sharing support from the spouse, and support from a confidant. A sample of 140 married women randomly selected from registrants at a family health clinic were interviewed about their roles and mental health. The complement of the women's roles was not associated with mental ill health, nor was there a clear relationship between employment or parenting on mental health. Each of the contextual variables had a moderate influence on symptoms of mental ill health. Women who had traditional sex role norms, little task-sharing support from a spouse, and little support from a confidant had poorer mental health than their counterparts. Thus, in this sample, the context for role performance had a stronger influence on mental health than did the actual roles women performed. In addition, the importance of the social contextual variables was contingent on the woman's complement of roles. For women who were both spouse and parent, confiding support was most important. Task-sharing support was most important for women who were employed but not parents, and nontraditional sex role norms had the most important protective effects on mental health for women who were spouse, employee, and mother.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study explored the impact of pain and functional impairment on the quality of life experienced by persons with arthritis. Using a cognitive framework, a causal model was developed in which the disease-related variables interacting with demographic and social factors were hypothesized to indirectly affect quality of life through psychological mediators. Ninety-four adults—74 women and 20 men—with various forms of arthritis were interviewed in their homes. Overall, the model explained 46% of the variance in quality of life. Path analysis showed that the psychological mediators—positive self-esteem, internal control over health, perceived support, and low negative attitude toward the illness—contributed directly to a higher quality of life. Severity of arthritis-related impairment indirectly affected quality of life through the mediating variables.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Manipulation of diet, by altering the composition or quantity, can produce alterations in the central nervous system as evidenced by changes in memory or behavior. The present study was designed to examine the effects of fasting/starvation or a choline deficient diet on the enzymes that synthesize and degrade acetylcholine and norepinephrine, both neurotransmitters in the gastrointestinal tract. This study was conducted on three groups of male rats: control nontreated, choline deficient diet for 14 days, and fasting/starvation (water only) for 3 days. Enzyme activities were determined throughout the length of the gut. The lack of dietary choline produced a decrease in adrenergic enzyme activity but had little effect on cholinergic enzyme activities. Starvation decreased adrenergic enzyme activities and increased activity of the acetylcholine synthesizing enzyme in most segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Starvation was also a stressor, as evidenced by elevated levels of plasma and adrenal corticosterone. The implication from these experiments is that dietary manipulation may produce functional changes (i.e., motility and secretion) in the gastrointestinal tract as a result of altering neurotransmitter enzyme activities.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study investigated the effect of the physical attractiveness of pediatric patients on nurses' impressions. Sixty-six nurses answered questions about pediatric patients who were allegedly involved in a disturbance in a hospital. The patients who were rated varied in attractiveness. Nurses held a patient less personally responsible for the disturbance, attributed a patient's behavior to situational causes, and perceived the attending nurse as more responsible when the patient was highly attractive. In contrast, an unattractive patient was reported to have a higher probability of emotional problems. These findings are consistent with the work of Dion (1972).

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examined selected components of nurse practitioners' care to determine which contributed most to the intent to adhere to the care plan. High and low levels of components of care (technical quality, psychosocial, and patient participation) were depicted by videotapes of a patient visit to a nurse practitioner. The videotapes were randomly selected and shown in 26 senior citizen nutrition centers in a metropolitan area. Elderly women indicated how likely they would be to adhere if they had been the patient in the tape.High psychosocial care was the only component significantly related to intent to adhere; however, the significance did not hold in an analysis of covariance when individual characteristics were controlled. Individual characteristics related to high intent to adhere were widowed marital status, religion, perceived importance of the examination, social network, and preexisting satisfaction with health care.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The method of historical analysis was used in this study to examine the nature and scope of the divisions in nursing in America in the last third of the 19th century. The article presents the story of nursing's reform origins, describes the post-Civil War social context, and discusses changes particularly relevant to women. The development of nursing reflected the country's uncertainty and turbulence. The divisions that emerged in nursing are demonstrated by the three conflicting schemes for organizing nursing in hospitals in the late 1800s: (1) The original Nightingale model, adapted by the first (1873) American schools, kept nursing separate from hospital and medical domination but supervised by Boards of Lady Managers; (2) the Linda Richards model, initiated at Boston City Hospital in 1878, subjected nursing to medical control; and (3) the professional model, espoused by Isabel Hampton toward the century's close, sought self-regulation for nursing.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The nursing and medical literature reveals considerable debate over whether graduate or continuing education is the appropriate level for nurse practitioner preparation. These arguments have been rhetorical since the research literature lacks data on the scope of practice of master's- and nonmaster's-prepared nurse practitioners. The purpose of this study was to examine possible differences between the two types of practitioners in one area—well-child care provided by pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs). A total of 236 master's- and non-master's-prepared PNPs completed a background questionnaire and checklists of nursing activities involving infant and preschool well-child care. Analysis of study results showed that master's PNPs performed more activities involving (1) assessment of physical and cognitive development of infants (p <.003); (2) assessment of personality and socialization of preschool children (p <.05); and (3) counseling and guidance involving the physical and cognitive development of infants (p <.01). Master's PNPs also appeared to benefit more from their years in practice both in terms of the number of assessment activities (p < .04) and management activities (p <.06) they performed. Finally, master's PNPs engaged in more leadership activities than nonmaster's PNPs (p <.005).

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A prototype of a news-based forecasting model was developed as an aid to policy-making in nursing and to assist in setting priorities for promoting an effective image of nursing. Newspaper articles about nursing were analyzed each month from 1978 to 1981. A model, constructed to show the effects of key nursing issues on the image of nursing, was estimated using Ridge Regression to determine the direction and magnitude of the effect that each of the key issues had on the image of nursing. It was determined that newspaper articles that show nurses In clinical settings and articles that show nurses as playing a major role are the most important factors in projecting a positive image of nursing. The model was used to construct forecasts for the image of nursing from 1982 to 1984. The image of nursing was forecasted to improve over this period, primarily because of a projected increase in the number of articles that show nurses in this positive image.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to provide cost-related data from an intervention study in the care of patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). In a previously reported study, the study group patients increased exercise more than control patients, but there were no differences on any other health promoting behaviors or clinical outcomes. However, analysis of the differences between the study (N = 44) and the control patients (N = 42) on costs for health care during the course of the study demonstrated substantial differences. A fixed per diem rate was used to determine inpatient and outpatient costs. Study patients required significantly fewer PVD-related hospitalization and health care costs than control patients but not on vascular-related and nonvascular-related illnesses. Since there were no differences between the study and control on non-PVD illnesses, it appears that the intervention targeted to influence PVD problems did so. Limitations to the study are identified and additional research in this area is warranted.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID