ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to test empirically a conceptually derived multidimensional formulation of social support. Analyses were based on responses of 313 expectant couples who varied in age, income, and education. A questionnaire, which included the Support Behaviors Inventory (SBI), was given in the latter half of pregnancy. A four-phased analysis was conducted: discriminate validity testing of the multidimensional support structure, further subscale analysis, factor analysis of the structure of the SBI, and reformulation of the SBI based on results of the factor analyses. Results did not demonstrate independence of measurement with items that were developed to represent a priori social support dimensions of emotional, material, informational, and appraisal support. The factor analysis in particular revealed that the scree test by Cattell (1966) demonstrated a large, dramatic discontinuity in eigenvalues and suggested that there was only one systematic factor. These results implied a dominant construct of social support in pregnant couples that organizes at the broad level the perceived degree of experienced support during pregnancy. This broader concept was so dominant in the current study, explaining 48% of the variance in partner support and 61% of the variance in others support, that the idea of multidimensionality was not confirmed. These data suggest an ongoing need to scrutinize carefully and validate empirically the hypothesized multiple dimensions of social support proposed in a number of recent support instruments.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A correlational descriptive study of 86 first-time mothers examined the relationships among employment status, role conflict, marital satisfaction, employment role attitude, and ease of transition to the maternal role. Interview and questionnaire data were collected 5 to 18 months after the birth of the first child. No significant differences were observed between employed and unemployed mothers in relation to role conflict. Mothers with careers tended to experience more role conflict between their worker, self, and spouse roles than mothers with jobs. Mothers who experienced more role conflict, regardless of their work status, had more difficulty in making the transition to the maternal role. Marital satisfaction was found to be positively correlated with ease in transition to the maternal role. No significant correlation was observed between employment role attitude and ease of transition to the maternal role. Mothers who reported a more positive attitude toward employment reported significantly less conflict between spouse and parent roles. Mothers who had attended a parent support group, regardless of their work status, experienced more conflict between the parent and self roles; these mothers also tended to have greater difficulty in making the transition to the maternal role.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The theory of reasoned action was used as the conceptual framework for analyzing the relationships among attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions to exercise regularly, maintain/attain recommended weight, and avoid highly stressful life situations. The sample (N = 377) consisted of adults between the ages of 18 and 66 living in two midwestern communities. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire designed according to guidelines developed by Ajzen and Fishbein (1980). The theory was supported in part by study results. Attitudes were useful in explaining intentions to engage in all three health behaviors studied. Subjective norms contributed only to the explanation of intentions to engage in regular exercise. Three factors, attitudes, subjective norms, and weight, affected intentions to engage in regular exercise, R = .364, p

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To test the preventive behavior model, the impact of perceived barriers and benefits and health value orientations on two health care activities (smoking and exercise) was examined. Data from 76 subjects who had taken part in a health screening program were analyzed using regression analysis. A reduced empirical model for exercise resulted, explaining 46% of the variance. However, only one variable that accounted for 7% of the variance was significant in explaining smoking behavior. Significant personality variables in the exercise model provide clues toward understanding psychological factors that may be operating to influence an individual's participation in health care activities.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Differences between arthritis patients' self-reported affective states and caregivers' perceptions of their affective states were assessed. Thirty hospitalized arthritis patients completed the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL) and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, a component of which measures denial, after which an interview assessment of their denial was made. Following this, a caregiver sample, 26 registered nurses who were familiar with at least one of the patient subjects, completed the MAACL as they believed the patient would. T tests revealed that caregivers were generally accurate in their assessment of the patients' affective states. These results are discussed in light of Wright's (1960, 1983) requirement of mourning. Further significant findings of interest were: The caregivers' attribution of anxiety was positively correlated with the patient's socioeconomic status; and, the higher the nursing educational level of the caregivers the more accurate their assessments.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Photogrammetric techniques were used to record the responses of 10 newborn infants to heelstick procedures at 4 hours of age. The responses consisted of an immediate withdrawal of both the affected and unaffected leg, followed by facial grimacing and crying. The median latency of withdrawal in response to the first heelstick was 0.3 seconds for the unaffected and 0.4 seconds for the affected leg, respectively. The median latency following a second heelstick was 0.2 seconds for both legs. The median latency of cry was 1.8 seconds following the first heelstick and 1.6 seconds following the second heelstick. Other quantitative parameters of the response, velocity of first affected leg movements, number of leg movements, and number of movements directed toward the stimulus, were also measured. This pilot study demonstrated a method by which quantitative data regarding pain responses in infants can be obtained and evaluated.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article reviews the literature on acute confusional states, including classification, incidence and prevalence, etiology, psychogenetic theories, and implications for nursing.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This pilot study evaluated the effects of relaxation-via-letting-go training on patients' state anxiety, observer-reported distress, and self-reported distress during cardiac catheterization. The sample consisted of 30 adults, 15 subjects in the relaxation training group and 15 subjects in the control group. A comparison of the control and relaxation training groups on the demographic variables of age and education, the preintervention variables of state anxiety and worry about the procedure, and number of days in the hospital prior to catheterization showed no differences between the groups. Relaxation training subjects did not indicate less anxiety prior to catheterization nor were they seen as less distressed during the procedure than control subjects. In addition, relaxation subjects did not report having less distress than control subjects.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID