ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Infantile colic is characterized by persistent crying, diminished soothability, and excessive activity or restlessness. The purpose of this study was to explore the processes underlying the persistent, recurrent irritability by investigating behavioral and interactional differences in irritable and nonirritable infants. In this two-group longitudinal study, 40 infants and their mothers were followed over the first 4 months of life. Statistically significant differences between the two groups were found, with the irritable infants demonstrating an increase in the amount and intensity of crying, more disruption in sleep-wake states, and less synchrony in mother-infant interaction.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The derivation and description of the embedded structure undergirding nursing interventions are provided in this study. To determine the dimensions of nursing interventions, multidimensional scaling was used to analyze similarity ratings among classes of interventions. Kruskal's stress formula indicated that the embedded structure is composed of three dimensions. To describe the dimensions, each intervention class was rated on a 16-attribute pair semantic differential scale. Subsequent factor analysis and correlations of the factors with the dimensions resulted in the delineation of three dimensions: intensity of care, complexity of care, and focus of care.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purposes of this study were to describe the health-promoting lifestyle behaviors of 397 employed Mexican American women and to compare them with women in other published reports that used the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP). Mexican American women had the highest HPLP total scores of all minority groups, but lower scores than all predominantly White groups. HPLP self-actualization and interpersonal support were the highest subscale scores. The exercise subscale was the lowest score for all groups, including minorities. Canonical analysis revealed two significant canonical variate pairs explaining 88% of variance. Age, education, self-efficacy, health locus of control (internal and powerful others), and current health status made statistically significant contributions to all HPLP subscale scores. Study results support previous research findings and make an important contribution to understanding the factors that influence Mexican American women's health-promoting lifestyle behaviors.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine the factorial structure of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire for African American women. A sample of 656 African American women living in the southeastern United States, ranging in age from 22 to 64 years (M = 39.6 years), completed the questionnaire. All were employed, with a mean annual income of $24,300. Factor analysis produced three factors, Active Coping, Avoidance, and Minimize the Situation, that accounted 67% of the total variance. These factors were compared with the eight factors of the Ways of Coping questionnaire reported byFolkman and Lazarus (1980), which was derived from a sample of middle-aged White subjects. The factors that emerged suggest the need for possible revision of the instrument or the development of a new one.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A causal model that examines the role of cognitive-perceptual factors(control over health, self-efficacy, and health status) in health-promoting behavior maintenance was tested using a sample of 1,339 women who participated in a two-wave national health survey. The sample was split to reserve half the data for an uncompromised validity test of the mode. Initial tests of the causal model indicated that the model did not fit the data. A minimally modified model fit the observed covariance data and explained about one third of the variance in the health-promoting behaviors(self-actualization, health responsibility, exercise, and nutrition). Validation of the model with the uncompromised half of the data further supported the model. Although the cognitive-perceptual factors were an integral part of the model, their effects on particular health-promoting behaviors were small in magnitude and contributed little to the explanation of the specific health promoting behaviors or their stability.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A stratified, prospective cohort analysis was completed on 1,203 African American, Hispanic, and White women. All women were assessed for abuse at the first prenatal visit and twice more during pregnancy. They were also assessed for risk factors of low birth weight using Institute of Medicine correlates. Prevalence of physical or sexual abuse during pregnancy was 16% (1 of 6). Abused women were twice as likely to begin prenatal care during the third trimester, with abuse preceding late entry. Abuse was recurrent, with 60% of the women reporting repeated episodes. More severe abuse was significantly correlated with lower infant birth weights for all three ethnic groups. Abuse during pregnancy was a significant risk for low birth weight as well as maternal low weight gain, infections, anemia, smoking, and use of alcohol and drugs. When compared to women who were not abused, women abused during pregnancy delivered infants averaging 133 g less. Abused White women delivered infants with the greatest reduction in birth weight.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Circadian patterns of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and rate-pressure product were compared in elders with heart disease (N = 22, mean age 86 years) and a comparison group (N = 18, mean age 80 years) who did not have a cardiac diagnosis. For 4 consecutive days, automated measures of heart rate, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and rate-pressure product were taken every 2 hours while subjects were awake. Activity-rest patterns were recorded by an observer, and demographic and medication profiles were obtained. Data were subjected to cosinor analysis, and the groups were compared on rhythmic parameters. Although the cardiac subjects were older, in poorer health, less active, and more prone to daytime napping, they exhibited more rhythms in rate-pressure product than did the comparison subjects. The cardiac group also had more synchronized oscillation of overt heart rate and systolic blood pressure rhythms. These results can be attributed to standardized times of cardiac medication administration. Attention to patterns of heart rate and systolic blood pressure in elders may suggest more appropriate times of day for conducting individual cardiac assessments.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID