ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to test the sensitivity and reproducibility of dual-mode actigraphy as an objective measure of functional performance in healthy adults under controlled levels of activity intensity. Twenty subjects wore the instrument on the nondominant wrist while performing standardized tasks selected to represent day-to-day activities at three levels of intensity (five tasks in each level): light (1-2 metabolic equivalents), moderate (3-4 metabolic equivalents), and heavy (4-6 metabolic equivalents). Upon completion of each intensity level, subjects were asked to rate their level of exertion using Borg's 15-point rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale. Eighteen subjects repeated the protocol within 7 days. Zero-crossing and time-above-threshold modes successfully differentiated between light and moderate and between light and heavy activity. Reproducibility correlation coefficients (rs) across activity levels were .80 and .66 for the two modes, respectively. Results suggest dual-mode actigraphy may be useful for the study of performance variation and structure in healthy and chronically ill individuals.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Immune responses to an academic stressor were examined in healthy and asthmatic adolescents with regard to their illness symptom reports. Eighty-seven high school students completed a health diary for 2 weeks and provided three blood samples during midsemester, final-exam, and postexam periods. During exam week, all students showed significant immunological alterations from baseline: Natural killer cell activity was significantly lower, whereas lymphocyte proliferation and neutrophil superoxide release were significantly higher. These immune changes tended to return toward baseline during the postexam period, but the enhanced neutrophil reactivity continued to rise. Overall, immunological responses were similar between asthmatic subjects and controls. Appropriate medical management may have accounted for this similarity. However, subtle group differences in the postexam recovery pattern and a continuous activation of inflammatory cell function following a stressor may warrant further investigation.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Postpartal weight loss, nutritional intake, and immune status were examined in 65 women. Although 80% of the women lost weight and were not overweight by the 4th postpartal month, the majority had diets that were inadequate in fat content (≥ 30% of calories from fat) or protein content(≤ 12% of calories from protein), or in terms of caloric intake (≤ 1,200 calories or ≥ 2,200 calories). Differences in some immune cell subsets were noted between women with high-fat and normal-fat diets. Women with high-fat diets had lower percentages of specific immune cell subsets than women with normal-fat diets. Protein intake was not related to immune cell phenotypes.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to test an explanatory model of variables influencing functional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). The sample consisted of 104 patients with COPD (85 males, 19 females; mean age = 65.5, SD = 7.7). The variables in the initial model were age, length of illness, pulmonary function, oxygen desaturation during exercise, dyspnea, depressed mood, anxiety, self-esteem, exercise capacity, and functional status. Path analysis revealed that exercise capacity (β= .337, p = .0007), dyspnea (β = .324, p = .0009), and depressed mood(β = -.204, p = .011) directly influenced functional status. Dyspnea(β = .488, p < .0001), depression (β = -.217, p = .003), and pulmonary function (β = .421, p < .0001) indirectly influenced functional status through exercise capacity. Self-esteem (β = -.492, p =.004) and anxiety (β = .696, p < .0001) indirectly influenced functional status through depressed mood. The findings of this study suggest that efforts to improve functional status of individuals with COPD should focus on interventions that influence exercise capacity, dyspnea, anxiety, and depressed mood.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The theory of care-seeking behavior was tested in the context of mammography use among midwestern women (N = 178). In multivariate logistic regressions, mammography adherence in the past 5 years was related to habit, the interaction of anxiety and barriers, belief in one's risk of breast cancer, age, and family history of breast cancer. Recent use of mammograms(i.e., in the past 1 or 2 years, depending on age) was related to norm and habit. Intention was related to utility beliefs regarding mammography, norm, habit, and belief in one's risk of breast cancer. As proposed from theory, anxiety and barriers interacted to influence adherence; the variables of habit, utility beliefs, and norm were related to either recent use or intention. Contrary to theory, belief in one's risk of breast cancer, age, and family history of breast cancer were related to adherence or intention after controlling for theoretically derived variables. The explanatory variables for each outcome were not identical, indicating that these mammography-related outcomes are characteristically different.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Due to time constraints, clinicians are rarely able to carry out neurobehavioral assessments that use the Naturalistic Observation of Newborn Behavior Instrument. The content validity, interrater reliability, and criterion-related validity for a less time-consuming instrument, the Modified Infant Behavioral Observation Record (MIBOR) for developmental care, was evaluated in this study. Eight developmental care specialists evaluated the MIBOR for content validity. Fifteen infants (birth weight < 1,500 g) were observed to determine interrater reliability, and three were observed to evaluate criterion-related validity. The content validity of the MIBOR, as determined by average congruence, was 96.9%. Interrater reliability for each developmental care subsystem ranged from 67% to 98%. Three of the four subsystems on the MIBOR achieved criterion-related validity, achieving an agreement ofr = .60.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The initial transitional year of professional practice is thought to provide the critical foundation on which new professionals build their expertise. The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of new nurse practitioner graduates during their first year of primary care practice. Thirty-five persons were interviewed alone or in focus groups at approximately 1, 6, and 12 months after graduation. Grounded theory methodology guided the data collection and analysis. A theoretical model was constructed that represents the transition to the primary care nurse practitioner role. This model consists of a process called From Limbo to Legitimacy, which encompasses four major categories: Laying the Foundation, Launching, Meeting the Challenge, and Broadening the Perspective. Each category contains a set of subcategories that detail the multiple aspects of the experience. This model highlights both the distress and the accomplishments of the initial year of advanced practice.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to test a theoretical model of the following variables: decentralization, professional autonomy, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Data were collected through a comprehensive survey of first-line nurse managers (N = 200) in acute care hospitals with more than 100 beds in British Columbia, Canada. The final model excluded all explored personal characteristics of the nurse manager-gender, health or vitality status, marital status, age, education, and years of supervisory or management experience. Job satisfaction was found to be an important predictor of organizational commitment. However, decentralization was most important because it affected organizational commitment directly, as well as indirectly, through professional autonomy and job satisfaction.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID