ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the implications of migration for emotional status over time. Analysis of interview data provided by 25 Polish immigrants, who resided in the United States ranging from 4 months to 39 years, allowed the construction of a model describing migrants' psychological adaptation. Loss and disruption, novelty, occupational adjustment, language accommodation, and subordination were described as predominant aspects of migration and resettlement. Psychological adaptation required the dual task of resolving grief over losses and disruption involved with leaving Poland and of mastering resettlement conditions associated with novelty, occupation, language, and subordination. The model provides assessment parameters and direction for intervening with migrants who are distressed. The model may also be generalized to other types of life change as well.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to describe the experience of expectant and new fatherhood. The grounded theory method was used to gather data from 56 expectant and new fathers. Data were analyzed through the technique of constant comparative analysis. The essence of the experience of expectant and new fatherhood is laboring for relevance which consists of: (a) grappling with the reality of the pregnancy and child; (b) struggling for recognition as a parent from mate, coworkers, friends, family, baby, and society; and (c) plugging away at the role-making of involved fatherhood. Men were not recognized as parents but as helpmates or breadwinners which interfered with validation of the reality of the pregnancy or child. They felt excluded from the childbearing experience by their mates, health care providers, and society. Fathers found themselves without models to assist them in taking on the role of active and involved parent. The findings of this study promote greater understanding of the male experience of expectant and new parenthood and may serve as a beginning for the development of interventions to support and promote paternal behavior.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relationships among uncertainty, hope, symptom severity, control preference, and psychosocial adjustment were examined in persons having radiotherapy for cancer. After 15 days of radiotherapy, both uncertainty (17%) and hope (16%) explained significant amounts of the variance in adjustment. At the end of treatment, uncertainty (18%), hope (11%), and symptom severity (7%) all significantly increased the explained variance in adjustment. Greater uncertainty and less hope were associated with more adjustment problems; symptom severity increased the explanation of adjustment difficulty at treatment completion. There was no evidence that uncertainty had positive effects in this sample. Findings also showed that control preference was unrelated to the concepts of interest in this sample.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pregnancies that extend beyond 42 weeks of gestation have a higher risk for uteroplacental insufficiency than do pregnancies delivered prior to this time. Postterm infants are at risk for meconium aspiration due to uteroplacental insufficiency. Prior research has shown that postterm infants are at risk for temperature- and glucose-regulating difficulties following birth. In this study, the abilities of 63 postterm infants and 88 term infants to regulate temperature and glucose during the first 24 hours of infant age were compared. No significant differences were found in the two groups on the two variables.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to examine the stress responses of parents to the sexual and ritualistic abuse of their children in day-care centers. Sixty-five mothers and 46 fathers of children sexually abused in day-care centers completed the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), a measure of psychological distress. These scores were compared with a carefully matched comparison group of parents of 67 nonabused children. Parents of abused children also completed the Impact of Event Scale (IES), a measure which indexes symptoms that characterize posttraumatic stress disorder. Parents of sexually abused children reported significantly more psychological distress than parents of nonabused children, with parents of ritually abused children displaying the most severe psychological distress. Parents of abused children reported symptom profiles on the SCL-90-R and IES consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relationship of temperament to pre- and posthospital behavioral responses of school-age children was examined in this study. Seventy-five children, aged 8 to 12, who experienced unplanned hospitalizations were studied. Data were collected from the children's mothers who served as the primary informants. The mothers completed questionnaires describing their children's temperament and behavior pre- and posthospitalization. Temperament accounted for more than 50% of the variance in the children's behavior prior to hospitalization and at 1 week and at 1 month following discharge. The subjects usual prehospitalized temperament was significantly more withdrawn than the established norms of the temperament instrument. However, the subjects did not differ from the norms at either 1 week or 1 month following discharge.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A meta-analysis of 51 studies was done to estimate normative mean McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) scores and to assess pain quality and pain intensity as measured by the MPQ in 3,624 subjects with seven painful conditions. Across the painful conditions, all of the estimated normative mean scores were no more than 50% of the maximum score, suggesting that scores may be skewed to the left. Although the estimated normative mean scores were similar among the seven painful conditions, higher affective scores appeared to differentiate chronic painful conditions from acute painful conditions. Of the 78 MPQ words that describe pain quality, only 19 were selected by more than 20% of the subjects. Data reported in the majority of these studies were inadequate to test for differences in scores or word selection pattern by the seven painful conditions.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of the essential dynamics of learned response to chronic illness experience. A Self-Help Model was tested with 396 subjects with diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis or arthritis-related conditions. Self-Help Model variables include disease characteristics, background inputs, monitoring, severity of illness, dependency, uncertainty, enabling skill, self-help, and life quality. Severity of illness, disease characteristics, background inputs, and monitoring explained 24% of the variance in dependency and 40% of the variance in uncertainty. Monitoring was the strongest contributor to explanation of enabling skill; however, only a small amount of the variance in enabling skill was explained, adjusted R2= .15. Enabling skill was the strongest predictor of self-help, β = .42, minimizing the influence of uncertainty, β = -.23 and dependency, β = -.10, on self-help, R2= .55. Self-help was strongly related to life quality, β = .62. Self-help and uncertainty explained 49% of the variance in life quality. Results suggest a basis for interventions that reduce dependency and uncertainty and enhance enabling skill.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

While the physiological mechanisms linking Type A behavior pattern (TABP) to increased coronary heart disease (CHD) risk are unknown, extreme cardiovascular reactivity to daily activities and stressors has been proposed as a mechanism for promoting the progression of atherosclerosis and CHD. Verbalization, either talking or reading aloud, is known to cause significant increases in the blood pressure and heart rates of individuals, including cardiac patients. Blood pressure and heart rate responses of 111 Type A and Type B cardiac patients during verbalization were examined in this study. Blood pressure and heart rate increased significantly during verbalization for all patients. The TABP, measured with both the structured interview and the Jenkins Activity Survey, had little relation to cardiovascular responses.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID