ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions of pulmonary mechanics, gas exchange, and bemodynamic function to prediction of success or failure with early weaning from mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery. More than 40 physiologic measurements were determined on 162 patients at two time points in the early postoperative period: during full-support mechanical ventilation and during a trial of spontaneous ventilation. Discriminant analysis was used to analyze the differences between the success group (n = 134) and the failure group (n = 28) and to predict group membership of individual cases. A moderately strong relationship (canonical correlation =0.733) was found between the groups and the discriminating variables. The discriminant function contained variables from all three dimensions of weaning criteria, with dimensions of hemodynamic function and pulmonary mechanics having greater import. The predictor set had a senstivity of 98, specificity of .71, positive predictive value of. 94, and negative predictive value of .87. Routine bedside measurements had a predictive performance equal or superior to variables previously studied.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Factors that influenced exercise behaviors and aerobic fitness were identified in 100 outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. Data included perceived health status, benefits of and barriers to exercise, and impact of arthritis on health; demogaphic and biologic characteristics; and past exercise behavior. Excercise measures included range-of-motion and strengthening exerises, 7-day activity recall, and the exercise subscale of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile. An aerobic fitness level was obtained on each subject by bicycle ergometer testing. The theoretical model predicted 20% of the variance in composite exercise scores but none of the variance in aerobic fitness levels. Perceived benefits of exercise was a significant predictor of exercise participation. Subjects with less formal education, longer duration of arthritis, and bigher impact of arthritis scores perceived fewer benefits of exercise, while subjects who reported exercising in their youth perceived more benefits of exercise.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A two-part experimental design was used to study the effects of ovarian bormone cessation, hormone cessation, hormone supplementation, and dietary fiber composition on body weight, appetite, and intestinal transit. In Part 1, effects of ovarian hormone status on body weight and baseline and stimulated intestinal transit were measured in chow-fed rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized (OVX), then injected daily (22 days) with estrogen (E), progesterone (P), the combination (E+P), or placebo. Controls were sham operated and placebo injected. Among OVX rats, E and E+P had the least body weight gain (9%, 6%); placebo and P had the greatest (36%, 34%). In OVX-P, baseline intestinal trasit (measured in anesthetized rats as distance traveled by a charcoal marker) was relatively low, but vagal stimulation via centrally administered thyrotropin-releasing hormone evoked an increase significantly larger than that in other groups. In Part 2, experiments probed the interacting effects of ovarian hormone cessation and dietary fiber composition on body weight and baseline intestinal transit. Caloric intake was measured to determine the contribution of altered appetite. Rats were OVX or sham operated, then fed liquid diets with or without dietary fiber (25 days). OVX fiber-fed rats had significantly higher caloric intake, weight gain, and basline intestinal transit than other groups. Caloric intake did not fully account for group differences. These results demonstrate modulation of GI function by ovarian hormones and dietary fiber.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to differentiate women with three permenstrual symptom severity patterns: premenstrual syndrome (PMS), premenstrual magnification (PMM), and low symptom (LS). Factors entered into the discriminant functions included social demands, personal resources, socialization, parity, age, personal health practices, and psychological distress. A community-based sample of 142 women taking no oral contraceptives was classified into one of the three symptom severity patterns. Three two-way discriminant analyses were performed. Women with PMS had more psychological distress, more education, and a mother with more premenstrual symptoms, than those with an LS pattern. Women with PMM had more psychological distress and a mother with more premenstrual symptoms, but they also had more stress and were younger than those with an LS pattern. Finally, the women with PMS, when compared to the PMM subgroup, were older, had more education, engaged in more positive health practices, and had more nontraditional attitudes toward women. In addition, the women with PMM had more stress in their lives than women with PMS.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was conducted to determine the effects of age, sex, personality adjustment, and analgesic administration on the magnitude of pain experienced by 74 cardiac and abdominal vascular surgical patients during their first few postoperative days. The relationship of pain magnitude to postoperative complications was also examined. Pain intensity was moderate and did not diminish over the first few postoperative days. Physical sensations and emotional tension associated with pain caused little distress. The primary consistent mediator of pain magnitude after surgery was the amount of analgesics administered to patients, although they received small amounts. Neither age nor personality adjustment influenced the magnitude of any pain dimension. However, women and patients having abdominal vascular surgery reported more disturbing physical sensations associated with their pain. Patients with greater pain intensity had a significantly greater incidence of atelectasis as a postoperative complication.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

One hundred twenty-one high-risk women (HRW) and 182 low-risk women (LRW) were studied at postpartal hospitalization and at 1, 4, and 8 months after giving birth to determine whether they would differ in the achievement of perceived maternal competence and whether predictors of maternal competence would differ for the two groups over time. No significant differences were found in the maternal role competence of HRW and LRW or in the trajectory of change over time. Maternal role competence increased at 4 and 8 months over earlier levels. Selected variables explained from 33% to 52% of HRW's maternal competence and from 29% to 51% of LRW's maternal competence over the four test periods. Self-esteem and mastery were consistent predictors of maternal competence for both groups. Fetal attachment was a predictor of competence among HRW only.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Data were gathered through personal interviews from a sample of 667 people 65 years of age and older, living in community settings and managing their own health. Almost two thirds of these older respondents reported at least one drug-drug or drug-alcohol combination associated with a possible adverse reaction. The largerst percentage of respondents were taking combinations of medications that could place them at risk for hypotension and cognitive impairment. These results suggest the need for more detailed screening of specific medications used by older people who report taking certain categories of drugs.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two types of information, separately and in combination, were evaluated for their effects on the process and outcomes of maternal and child coping with unplanned childhood hospitalization. One hundred eight mothers of hospitalized children, 2 to 5 years old, were randomly assigned to one of four study groups. Child behavioral information and parental role information had positive effects on maternal state anxiety as well as on parental support and participation in their children's care during hospitalization. Ten to 14 days following hospitalization, positive main effects were shown for child behavioral and parental role information on mothers' state anxiety levels and for child behavioral information on children's negative behaviors.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID