ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article is based on an experiment that examined features distinguishing chronic from acute pain syndromes, and their influence on nurses' estimates of patient suffering, pain relief actions, and attitudes toward patients. Two hundred sixty-eight nurses received one-paragraph descriptions of patients complaining of severe pain. Descriptions varied on the dimensions of duration (acute vs. chronic), signs of physical pathology (positive vs. negative), signs of depression (positive vs. negative), and diagnostic category (low back vs. headache vs. joint pain). Subjects estimated the intensity of the hypothetical patient's suffering, indicated priorities for specific pain relief actions, and rated the patient on a series of trait dimensions. Subjects attributed less intense pain when the patient had no signs of pathology and when duration was long-termed and chronic. They also assigned lower priorities to medication-related nursing actions when signs of pathology were negative. Finally, more negative personality and behavioral traits were attributed to the patient when signs of pathology were negative. The results reflect a dichotomous, organic versus psychogenie model of pain on the part of health care staff. Since the data indicate the chronic pain sufferer is negatively stereo-typed by staff, a need exists to develop and disseminate more integrative models of the pain experience.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A labor-preparation analogue study was conducted to examine the efficacy of videotaped information and modeling as pain-reducing techniques for women during labor and delivery. Sixty nulliparous college female undergraduates were randomly assigned to four treatment conditions: (a) videotaped modeling; (b) videotaped information; (c) videotaped information and modeling combined; and (d) control (irrelevant) videotape. Assessments of the effectiveness of these treatments were made during a one-hour session involving 20 80-second exposures to the Forgione-Barber® pain stimulator. The timing and sequencing of the pain stimulus was patterned to resemble labor contractions. Dependent variables included self-reported pain, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, frontalis electromyogram, and respiratory rate. The group that received information and modeling combined reported significantly lower pain ratings than each of the other three groups. Analyses conducted on the physiological dependent variables failed to demonstrate significant treatment effects. The implications of these findings are discussed from the perspective of developing more effective methods of preparing women for the experience of childbirth.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of three techniques for administering subcutaneous low-dose heparin on the formation of bruises at the injection site in adult postoperative cardiothoracic surgery patients. Forty-three subjects comprised the sample. All received subcutaneous injections of heparin, 5,000 units every 12 hours postsurgery. Three subcutaneous injection techniques, identified to study the variables of needle manipulation and tracking of the medication, were administered randomly to each subject. Forty-eight hours after the third injection, the sites were observed and bruises, if present, were measured. Data were analyzed by means of the Friedman test, and a 0.569 level of significance was obtained. It was concluded that, for this sample, none of the three techniques appeared clearly superior in yielding smaller or fewer bruises.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to describe the collaborative efforts of one successful research group. The Tube Feed Consortium Group was composed of seven investigators who lived in four different geographic locations. One of the members served as principal investigator and chairman of the group; the others as coinvestigators. A coinvestigator served as principal investigator in each location, managing subcontracted budgets and scientific concerns. This structure promoted efficiency in budget management, conflict management, and division of labor. Major advantages to this approach to the conduct of research included (a) a large number of subjects studied in a relatively short time period; (b) a data collection structure, which permitted wider generalization than data collected in one institution by one investigator; (c) a mechanism for direct replication and replication with expansion; (d) maximum usage and distribution of resources between investigators. Mechanisms established early in the history of the group helped to achieve maximum communication, resolve potential conflicts, ensure reliability of data, ensure publication and presentation rights of collaborators, and manage the overall budget and subcontracts. The group remained intact for eight years, completed all the proposed studies plus other related studies, presented numerous papers, and continues to publish findings of these endeavors.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This analysis describes the characteristics of nursing research today, and identifies trends and changes in research over the past three decades. A sample was drawn from four nursing research journals of 137 substantive studies, 14 published in 1952–53, 20 in 1960, 40 in 1970, and 63 in 1980. The analysis revealed that over this period nursing research (1) increased substantially in amount; (2) became more clinically focused; (3) demonstrated a greater theoretical orientation; and (4) became more sophisticated and sound in methods employed. Among the limitations noted were insufficient conceptualization and the failure to build a cumulative science. Suggestions are offered for future research.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sixty female college students were exposed to a stressful stimulus and treated by therapeutic or physical touch. Groups were compared on levels of physiological response through electro-myographic, skin conductance, and peripheral skin temperature measures. The hypotheses predicted that the therapeutic touch group would remain more relaxed than the physical touch group. None of the hypotheses were confirmed using a one-way analysis of covariance.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The research-related literature on the topic of therapeutic touch is critically reviewed. The purpose of the review is to explore the current scientific basis for the teaching and practice of therapeutic touch as a treatment modality. An examination of published research literature indicates that empirical support for the practice of therapeutic touch is, at best, weak. The results of well-designed, double-blind studies have been transient, of no significance, or are in need of independent replication. Current practice of therapeutic touch is empirically little more than practice of placebo. Considerations for further nursing research are also presented.

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0029-6562    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID