摘要:

AbstractThe influence of surface wetness on the thermal performance of a red brick wall has been investigated using a small temperature controlled test chamber within a larger controlled‐environment laboratory. The results confirm that the effect of surface wetness can be significant and that the processes involved are complex.Two distinct drying phases have been identified, one in which water evaporates directly from the wall surface, and another which involves diffusion of the water from within the body of the brick. The influence of the first effect is large (up to 30 per cent increase in heat loss, but typically about 15 per cent), but it is of limited duration (5–10 h). The second has a smaller magnitude, but can persist for up to 40 h.One disturbing feature has appeared in the results of the present study. This is the fact that the experimental values reported here for thermal conductivities, whether the wall is wet or dry, are significantly higher than the CIBS Guide data. The present measurements are consistent in this respect with more general observations made recently by other workers, and give rise to considerable concern over the applicability of generally accepted data. It is apparent that a considerable amount of investigation will be necessary before many of these discrepancies will be resol

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnalytical models have been put forward to predict the thermal performance of passive heating systems, which have previously been suggested. The systems consist of a water vessel for heat storage and a structure positioned on its outside wall, which act as a solar collector and a thermal insulation for the storage, respectively. Four different variations of structures have been considered and numerical calculations performed corresponding to the physical parameters of an earlier reported experimental study. The analysis is able to predict the experimental results fairly satisfactorily.

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper we present a theoretical model of the black liquid flat plate solar energy collector. Numerical calculations have been performed corresponding to the experiments of Minardi and Chuang (1975). The present model has a good agreement with the experiments of Minardi and Chuang. A study of the effects of varying parameters, such as the liquid flow rate, radius and length of the tube has been made corresponding to the average solar intensity and ambient temperature data of 20 June 1974 in Ohio, U.S.A. The system's performance has also been studied for tropical climates.

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper outlines a computational procedure for comparing the merits of alternative processes to convert solar radiation to heat, electrical power, or chemical energy. The procedure uses the ratio of equipment investment to useful work as an index. Comparisons with conversion counterparts based on conventional fuels are also facilitated by examining this index. The procedure is illustrated by comparisons of (1) photovoltaic converters of differing efficiencies; (2) photovoltaic converters with and without focusing concentrators; (3) photovoltaic conversion plus electrolysis vs photocatalysis for the production of hydrogen; (4) photovoltaic conversion plus plasma arcs vs photocatalysis for nitrogen fixation. Estimates for conventionally‐fuelled processes are included for comparison. The reasons why solar‐based concepts fare poorly in such comparisons are traced to the low energy density of solar radiation and its low stream time factor resulting from the limited number of daylight hours available and clouds obscuring the

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDetailed calculations have shown that radiation heat losses through double‐pane windows can be substantially reduced by the application of a thin, transparent film, reflective to long‐wave radiation (‘heat mirror’). The comparative analysis of different types of ‘heat mirror’ has been carried out, and a tin oxide layer deposited by spray has been recognized as the most suitable for large‐scale production.A tin oxide film has been deposited on glass by a spray method using ordinary commercial materials for the substrate, the solvent and the solution. The optical properties of the tin oxide films obtained have been compared with those measured on films deposited by more sophisticated methods; results are as follows: in comparison with vacuum‐deposited metallic films or vacuum‐deposited SnOx, films, our sprayed SnOx, films have similar or better transmissivity for visible spectra and somewhat (10–30 per cent) lower reflectivity for the infrared portion of the spectrum, but at the same time the prices of material and/or production costs are several orders

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objective of this study is to introduce one of the main results of a project study on energy conservation technologies in a new town. The new airport town is selected as the objective region for this project, and a short description has been done first concerning the planning of this new town. Next, based on this planning, energy demands are estimated in detail by developing an estimation model. The combined heat and power plant is selected as one of main energy conservation technologies in this new town, and many alternative types of this plant are compared from technological, energy saving and economic viewpoints.

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objective of this study is to introduce one of the main results of the project for studying energy conservation technologies in a new airport town, which is organized by the Osaka Science and Technology Center, Japan. First, based on the estimated energy demands in the new town, technological aspects are investigated for the district heating, cooling and hot water supply system. Then, the economic and energy saving characteristics are compared for several alternative systems according to the differences of the type of absorption refrigerating machine and so forth. Assuming that a combined heat and power plant is used as the heat source plant of the district thermal distribution system, the optimal combined district heating, cooling and power generation system has been selected from a comprehensive economic viewpoint. Lastly, it is ascertained that if fuel costs continue to rise at the rate of 8 per cent per year, the best energy conservation system becomes superior economically to the conventional district thermal distribution system.

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFive hypotheses were tested to investigate whether personality is a factor in household energy conservation beliefs and actions. Locus of control, the personality measure which distinguishes between individuals designated as internals or externals, was assessed in a survey of 383 households in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. The results indicate that only one hypothesis—obtaining information on energy issues from the media is a positive function of internality—reached significance, and one other hypothesis tended toward significance. We conclude that locus of control is a limited predictor of household energy conservation beliefs and actions, and recommend that energy conservation programme planners consider persuading externals to behave more interna

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the present investigation solar water pumps using packed‐bed collectors have been developed. It has been experimentally observed that the performance behaviour of such pumps is much superior to that of a solar water pump using conventional plain collectors. Among the solar water pumps developed, the one using iron‐turning packed‐bed collectors exhibits the best performance.It is interesting to conclude that the performance of a solar water pump using conventional (plain) collectors can be improved appreciably just by packing the collectors with metallic mate

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-907X    

DOI:10.1002/er.4440080101

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY