ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Microdissection and histologic studies were undertaken to determine the innervation of the cervical intervertebral discs. The cervical sinuvertebral nerves were found to have an upward course in the vertebral canal, supplying the disc at their level of entry and the disc above. Branches of the vertebral nerve supplied the lateral aspects of the cervical discs. Histologic studies of discs obtained at operation showed the presence of nerve fibers as deeply as the outer third of the anulus fibrosus. These anatomic findings provide the hitherto missing substrate for primary disc pain and the pain of provocation discography.

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Dissection of the musculature in the cervical spines of four cadavers indicated that the semispinalis cervicis and capitis muscles appeared to be the muscles primarily responsible for extension of the cervical spine and head. The minimum force needed to balance a biomechanical model of the cervical spine in the neutral prone position against gravity measured 14.38 kg. The values obtained with this model, with roentgenograms of the cervical spine, and vector analysis were close enough to establish that the model is apparently valid for studying the extensor musculature of the cervical spine. Because the extensors appear to generate considerable force and may act as significant dynamic stabilizers of the cervical spine, the authors have altered their posterior surgical approach to minimize disruption of the extensor musculature.

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Three patients with the unusual manifestation of atlantoaxial subluxation in Reiter's syndrome are studied. Each patient had mild symptoms referable to the cervical spine and radiologic evidence of erosive disease elsewhere in the skeleton. One patient had an 11-year history of Reiter's syndrome when the atlantoaxial subluxation was detected. The other two had atlantoaxial subluxation detected within 1 year of initial presentation, at variance with three other such patients that were reported previously, in whom there was a 6- to 10-year interval from initial presentation until radiographic documentation of atlantoaxial subluxation. Cervical spine radiographs, including flexion and extension views, are recommended for all patients with Reiter's syndrome and cervical spine symptoms.

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Systemic arterial hypotension, systemic arterial hypertension, cervical hyperflexion, cervical hyperextension, and cervical instability were induced in experimental animal with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, and their effects on spinal cord pathology were investigated. An experimental animal model of cervical spondylotic myelopathy was produced by combining anterior cervical cord compression with occlusion of the cervical vertebral arteries in dogs. Spinal cord pathology at the site of compression was characteristically different and depended on the type of load; that is, peripheral necrosis of the central gray matter in systemic hypotension, capillary congestion and subarachnoid hemorrhage in systemic hypertension, and linear necrosis of the transversely elongated central gray matter combined with occluded anterior spinal artery in cervical hyperflexion, and the pathologic severity was proportional to the number of loadings. This study suggests that cervical spondylotic myelopathy might progress stepwise rather than linearly when these aggravating factors are loaded.

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Four hundred and fifty skeletons were examined, and age changes in the bony vertebral end-plates were grouped into six categories. The predominant patterns of each phase from infancy to senescence are presented. The formation of ridges and sulci that form peripherally are similar to those appearing in other epiphyses and may provide translational stability. When osteophytes appear with maturation, they are separated from the fused ring apophysis by a distinct sulcus.

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Vertebral transpedicular screws provide secure attachment for posterior spinal fixation devices. Screw design details, biomechanics, and implantation safety depend upon anatomic constraints, especially from the pedicle and body. Previous morphometric data were limited; thus, a retrospective study was undertaken using computerized axial tomograms (CT) of 91 vertebrae (T9–L5). In addition, eight cadaver vertebrae were CT scanned and then cut transversely to compare x-ray measurements with direct physical measurements. Measured parameters included pedicle width, pedicle length, angle of pedicle axis to sagittal plane, and transpedicular cortex-to-cortex chord length. Good correlation is shown to occur between CT scan and direct physical measurements of human vertebrae. Implications for spinal implant screw dimensions and safety of implantation are discussed. Comparison with previously available data is made.

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This report addresses the long-term results of nonoperative treatment for fractures of the thoracolumbar spine. Forty-two patients meeting specified inclusion criteria were contacted and completed questionnaires. In all cases, nonoperative treatment was the only treatment received. The average time from injury to follow-up was 20.2 years (range, 11 to 55 years). The average age at follow-up was 43 years (range, 28 to 70 years). There were 31 men and 11 women in this series. Seventy-one percent of the injuries were the result of motor vehicle accidents. The most common sites of injury were T12–L2, which accounted for 64% of the injuries. Seventy-eight percent of the patients had no neurologic deficits at the time of injury. At follow-up, the average back pain score was 3.5, with 0 being no pain at all and 10 being very severe pain. No patient demonstrated a decrease in their neurologic status at follow-up, and no patient required narcotic medication for pain control. Eighty-eight percent of patients were able to work at their usual level of activity. Follow-up radiographs revealed an average kyphosis angle of 26.4° in flexion and 16.8° in extension. The degree of kyphosis did not correlate with pain or function at follow-up. Based on this review, nonoperative treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures remains as a viable alternative in patients without neurologic deficit and can lead to acceptable long-term results.

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The parameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis correction (longitudinal height gain, coronal and sagittal plane changes) that correlate most closely with an increase in thoracic volume are reported. With pre- and postoperative radiographs of matched patients having straight Harrington distraction rods and contoured Luque rods, coordinates were digitized and the change in thoracic volume was calculated in ten subjects undergoing surgery for right thoracic curves. An increase in volume (7% increase in Harrington rod and 16% among Luque rod patients) was most closely correlated with a change in thoracic kyphosis toward physiologic ranges.

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Major vascular trauma is a much considered complication of lumbar extension osteotomy in ankylosing spondylitis. It has, however, only been reported twice in the literature. This paper analyzes in detail two additional cases and makes certain recommendations based on the findings.

ISSN:0362-2436    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID