摘要:

In November 1928 there was an eruption of Mount Etna, Sicily, which led to lava largely destroying the town of Mascali, situated low on the eastern flank of the volcano. Destruction of the town took just over a day but there was an orderly evacuation of its inhabitants and, with help from the military, families were able to remove furniture and fittings from their houses. Evacuees were relocated to nearby towns staying with relatives, friends or in hired apartments. Rebuilding Mascali provided an opportunity for the fascist government of the time to demonstrate efficient centralised planning. A completely new town was built on a grid‐iron plan with many of the buildings reflecting the ‘fascist architecture’ of the time. The town was complete by 1937 and housing condztzons were very advanced in comparison with other towns in the region. The 1928 eruption is important as it was the most destructive on Etna since 1669 when the city of Catania was overwhelmed. In terms of hazard and risk assessment the 1928 eruption demonstrates that lava can reach the lower flanks of the volcano within a short period after the onset of an eru

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00511.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The National Food‐assisted Works Programme for Water and Land Development in Bangladesh which began as a relief operation in 1975, was designed to evolve gradually into a development‐oriented programme. This complex and largely successful transition offers a study in change of relevance to the current debate on the relief–development continuum. What emerges from a review of the Bangladesh experience is that the transition from relief to development is as complex as it is desirable, and that while there is a ‘continuum of sorts if it can be reached, getting there has lately become more a

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00512.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Global collapse of the Fordist–Keynesian regime of accumulation and an attendant philosophical shift in New Zealand politics to neoliberalism have prompted criticisms of, and changes to, the Earthquake and War Damage Commission. Earthquake insurance arrangements made 50 years ago in an era of collectivist, welfarist political action are now set in an environment in which emphasis is given to competitive relations and individualism. Six specific criticisms of the Commission are identified, each of which is founded in the rhetoric and ideology of a neoliberal political project which has underpinned radical social and economic changes in New Zealand since the early 1980s. On the basis of those criticisms, and in terms of the Earthquake Commission Act 1993, the Commission has been restructured. The new Commission is withdrawing from its primary position as the nation's non‐residential property hazards insurer and is restricting its coverage of residential propert

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00513.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hurricanes, typhoons, tsunamis and other storms force thousands to flee coastal regions every year. In many cases, resort areas have been severely damaged and tourists placed in jeopardy. This article examines ways tourist businesses can and already have protected holiday‐makers from coastal storm hazards through emergency evacuation and other measures. Using data from a sample of large and small hotels in New Orleans, Louisiana, we find considerable variation in protective behaviour. To explain this variation, we look at how perceptions and preparedness differ by both managerial and organisational characteristics. We then suggest a variety of measures that can be taken by hotels in coastal resort areas to reduce ris

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00514.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper describes government intervention in two flood disasters in Lae before and after the establishment of the Papua New Guinea disaster management body. It first describes the objectives behind the establishment of this, and second, it examines the organisational response to the 1983 and 1992 disasters in Lae. Disaster response in terms of relief operations is generally prompt and spontaneous but can at best be described as haphazard, unsystematic and often uncoordinated. Both national and provincial disaster committees are, in many aspects, ill equipped in terms of capabilities, skills and resources. Many disaster operations are unable to ensure an immediate return of the victim's lives to normality – the ultimate objective of any disaster managemen

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00515.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

People prone to the effects of river‐bank erosion are well aware of the hazard they face, but see it as an unavoidable evil. Communities' lack of success in combating erosion can be attributed to their poverty and to their not knowing about any means to mitigate its effects. Households in safer areas have reduced their dependency on agriculture and developed more scope for non‐farm activities, however, this is often difficult given the limited development of local enterprise. The major parameters that influence the adjustment measures after erosion are the education, skills, occupation and financial state of those affected. Those most vulnerable are households very much dependent on agriculture: for them resettlement to distant urban areas is not an opt

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00516.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00517.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00518.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The World's Savannas: Economic Driving Forces, Ecological Constraints and Policy Options for Sustainable Land Use, edited by M.D. Young and O.T. Solbrig.Policies for a Small Planet: From the International Institute for Environment and Development, edited by Johan Holmberg with a Foreword by Sir Crispin Tickell.Grassroots Environmental Action: Peoples participation in sustainable development, edited by Dharam Ghai and Jessica M. Vivian.Civil Disasters: The Role of Public Libraries following a Crisis in the Community, researched by Marilyn Dover and edited by Sylvia Simmons.Living Conditions, Disasters, and Development: An Approach to Cross‐Cultural Comparisons, by Frederick L. Bates and Walter Peacock.The Role of Indigenous Range Management Knowledge for Desertification Control in Northern Kenya, by Gufu Oba.More People, Less Erosion: Environmental Recovery in Kenya, by Mary Tiffen, Michael Mortimore and Francis Gichuk

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00519.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY