摘要:

Archival and library search techniques have been used to establish extensive databases on deaths and damage resulting from natural hazards in the Solomon Islands. Although the records of fatalities are certainly incomplete, volcanic eruptions, tropical cyclones, landslides, tsunami and earthquakes appear to have been the most important. Only 22 per cent of the recorded deaths have resulted from meteorological hazards but a single event could change this proportion significantly. Five events in the fatality database account for 88 per cent of the recorded deaths. Future death tolls are also likely to be dominated by a small number of events. While the expected number of deaths in a given period is dependent upon the length of record considered, it is clear that a disaster which kills one hundred or more people in the Solomons can be expected more frequently than once in a hundred years.

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00483.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Maps provided to the public for preventive and protective evacuations should be an integral part of emergency plans. The map design criteria contained in the United States Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) guidelines for nuclear power plants were examined and compared with the content and design of evacuation maps found in the public information publications of thirteen United States nuclear power plants. Results indicated that the graphic and descriptive content of these maps varied considerably. Four characteristics related chiefly to the FEMA guidelines capture some of the findings from this study: 1) failure to comply with Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRQ/FEMA suggestions; 2) failure to comply with FEMA guidelines for map elements; 3) weaknesses present in the FEMA guidelines themselves; and 4) significant omissions in those guidelines.

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00484.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper I investigate some of the economic effects of riverbank erosion in Bangladesh. The study was conducted in one village over the period 1979–89. Between these dates the village lost almost 20 per cent of its farmland to riverbank erosion. This resulted in a loss of more than 50 per cent of crop income (at 1989 prices). About 45 per cent of households were affected during the period. It appears, however, that there is little understanding among the relevant government agencies and non‐governmental organisations of the severity of riverbank erosion in Bangladesh. This article aims to provide, therefore, some basic information on the various economic effects of this natural haz

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00485.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this article I examine the impact of drought on farm households in Ethiopia and their response to crisis conditions. I ask whether every household in a community is equally affected by drought and what households do to mitigate the effects of drought and associated food insecurity. Information on production, income and food consumption is disaggregated by agroecological zone (highland and lowland), and by socioeconomic strata (relatively wealthy versus poor). Such detailed analysis permits an improved understanding of why the poor are much more vulnerable than the wealthy to drought and associated famines and why they need to be more effectively targeted by relief and development interventions. In a world of limited public resources for crisis intervention, such understanding is crucial to the design of improved policies and projects for reaching people most at risk.

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00486.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this article I examine the operational implications of the findings reported in ‘Entitlements, Coping Mechanisms and Indicators of Access to Food: Wollo Region, Ethiopia, 1987–88’ (Kelly, 1992). The usefulness of anthropometric and other indicators for early warning and relief planning in Wollo is assessed by comparing the findings of Save the Children Fund's nutritional surveillance programme with those of the Early Warning and Planning Service of the Ethiopian government's Relief and Rehabilitation Commission. Case studies are used to illustrate the value of anthropometric and other indicators for targeting relief food and monitoring its effects. The costs of monitoring various indicators are then considered, and the cost of the Save the Children Fund programme is compared with that of other programmes. It is argued that in Wollo, anthropometric surveillance is a cost‐effective means of improving early warning, planning, targeting and mon

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00487.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00488.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Over a two‐day period in March 1991, more than 23,000 Albanian refugees arrived without warning in the southern Italian port of Brindisi. A simple surveillance system was established within days of their arrival to monitor health problems that were expected to have a high frequency, were of concern to the Italian health care system because of potential spread to the local population, and were susceptible to therapeutic or preventive measures. The most commonly encountered health problems were pediculosis and scabies. Despite poor sanitary conditions, only one outbreak of gastrointestinal disease was reported. Obstetric events were common, and many resulted in adverse outcomes. Hospitalization rates were high, although in the early weeks of the emergency, many were unwarranted. This experience demonstrates the value of a simple, rapid surveillance system in prioritizing health problems and preventing rumors. In future, greater emphasis should be placed on outpatient management of simple medical problem

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00489.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The Political Economy of Hunger. Volume I: Entitlement and Wellbeing. Volume 11: Famine Prevention. Volume III: Endemic Hunger, edited by Jean Drèze and Amartya SenSurviving Drought and Development: Ariaal Pastoralists of Northern Kenya, by Elliot FratkinHazard Management and Emergency Planning: Perspectives on Britain, edited by Dennis J. Parker and John W. Handmer, James and James Science Publishers LtdResettlement and Famine in Ethiopia: The Villagers' Experienceby Alula Pankhurst.Restoring the Land: Environment and Change in Post‐Apartheid South Africa, edited by Mamphela Ramphele with Chris McDow

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1993.tb00492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY