摘要:

Food security in Ethiopia is discussed in the context of the repeated famines and the international responses both to them and to the socialist agricultural policies being pursued by Ethiopia. Increasing concern has been expressed by the international donor community regarding the ability of Ethiopia to absorb development funds without a major shift in emphasis in agricultural policy‐making. The background to Ethiopia's present vulnerability is shown both in terms of the size of the vulnerable population and in terms of the poor performance of the agricultural sector in the last decade. The author looks at the present agricultural and marketing policy reforms and questions whether they are sufficient to generate the sort of international response needed to create the level of food security that would be required to avert future famine

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The “Systèmes d'Alerte Précoce” ‐ the SAPs ‐ of Chad and Mali have been in operation since April 1986. Their purpose is to forecast (or more realistically, detect as early as possible) food shortages in the drought‐prone areas of each country. They are based on a multidisciplinary strategy, taking into account all relevant phenomena, from meteorology to nutritional status, and are implemented through the governmental networks. The present experience shows that, compared with the devastations due to famine and the cost of emergency food aid, they are not that expensive and they seem sustainable over the long term.“Faultless” prediction is not yet the rule, but several procedures permit progressive improvement in the ability of the systems to analyse and interpret.This paper explains the functioning process of the SAPs and presents several operational results. Additionally, it covers innovative concepts that have proved to be successful, such as the “participative inf

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The 1985‐86 rainy season in Peru was disastrous due to very high precipitation. Because of the unusual level of floods in the Lake Titicaca area and the increasing number of affected people, the Peruvian Government established an emergency relief plan and appealed for international aid. At that time the situation was already very critical. The lack of preparedness made the implementation of the relief operation difficult. Our paper describes the intervention of a French N.G.O. (Médecins Sans Trontières), requested by the Peruvian authorities. The early phase of the relief programme and its methodology are described. Problems within this relief programme and the further long‐term development action that should be undertaken are discussed.Au Pérou, la saison des pluies 85–86 a été catastrophique par l'importance des précipitations. Au cours des premiers mois de l'année 1986, devant l'ampleur inhabituelle des inondations dans la région du lac Titicaca et le nombre sans cesse croissant de sinistrés, le gouvernement pbruvien décide de mettre en route un plan national de secours d'urgence enfaisant appel à l'aide internationale. Mais la réponse est déjá tardive et le manque de mesures préventives fait que l'organisation des secours se heurte à un grand nombre de difficultés. Notre étude se situe dans le cadre de l'intervention d'une organisation non gouvernementale européenne, sollicitée par le gouvernement péruvien pour une collaboration dans la phase des premiers secours à cette population. Les problémes posés lors de cette opération et la suite à donner à l'assistance a moy

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reviews six case studies examined as part of a project to review targetting methodologies employed by non‐government organisations in Africa during the 1984‐6 food crisis. Most agencies have not yet fully evaluated the role of data in informing policy decisions during their respective emergency programmes. The case studies presented reflect a wide variety of approaches to targetting emergency food aid that are based largely on the use of ‘socio‐economic’ data. The recent emergency relief operations in Africa seem to indicate a change in relief agencies' approaches to the assessment and monitoring of needs of the affected populations. Earlier dependance on nutritional data has given way to an increasing reliance on the use of socio‐economic indicators. There was a wide variation in the case studies of the type of indicators collected and utilised in needs assessment and monitoring. There were those who relied almost exclusively on nutritional data to target resources during the 1984‐86 African crisis, and others whose experiences during that period lead them to attach more weight to socio‐economic data. Other agencies appear to have recognised the problems of relying solely on nutritional data to target food aid during their 1984–86 emergency programmes, and thus more or less abandoned classical anthropometric surveys in their needs assessment and monitoring methodologies during this period. Thus nutritional data has a less significant role in the decision making process than previously

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 1987 India experienced one of the century's worst droughts with two‐thirds of its sown area receiving ‘scanty’ or ‘deficient’ rainfall. Delayed rains in some parts, though to some extent they relieved the water scarcity, did not brighten the prospects of agricultural production. In order to assess the diet and nutritional situation of the vulnerable population in the severely affected areas, rapid surveys were undertaken by the National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, in five States of the country, namely Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Orissa and Gujarat, during the months of October‐December 1987. Results obtained during the current surveys are compared with the dietary situation observed in earlier droughts in the 1960s and 1970s, and it is concluded that the widespread hunger and its consequences encountered in earlier droughts could be averted, due mainly to the better food security and distribution mechanisms now available in

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The modern sociological literature on disasters highlights the fact that many of the ideas about human behaviour in disasters which were long considered as valid, are wrong. The main discovery is based on the fact that situations of crisis increase people's moral principles and capability of response. This paper illustrates some of these ideas, in a case study of a village which was struck by a natural disaster in the north of Granada (Spain) in 1986. The population's attitude revealed a huge potential of resources that were underestimated by professionals of disaster management. The analysis shows that it is necessary to bring civil protection systems and the population's capability of response into close harmony.

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00696.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00697.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00698.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00699.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0361-3666    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY