摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of the Bureau of Reclamation's water resource projects over the period 1930–1970 on regional economic growth in the Southwest. The empirical results indicate that these investments have had an impact on regional economic growth and that the extent of the effect depends on the nature of the water investment, the state of the regional economy, and the amount and nature of other investments in the regio

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00001

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A tax scheme is developed that will create an incentive among users to conserve groundwater and reduce the external diseconomies that pumping produces. Quotas are established for wells by using an agricultural management model. If a user pumps more than the quota established for his well, he may be assessed a tax; if a user pumps less than his quota, he may be entitled to a rebate. However, taxes are collected and redistributed in such a way that zero taxes are accumulated from year to year.

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00007

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Many irrigated farms dependent upon varying streamflow frequently encounter periods of inadequate water supply because streamflow is inadequate to serve all water rights. Streams fed by mountain snowmelt exhibit sharply peaked hydrographs. During the peak runoff period most water rights can be served. Thereafter streamflow declines rapidly, and many of the later water rights are denied water. Farms that are prohibited from diverting water suffer reduction in crop yields and income. To get the most benefit from varying flow, streams must be closely monitored so that as many rights as possible can be served with the original flow and the return flow that occurs.

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00015

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The National Water Commission Report has serious limitations as a professional document judged by analytical criteria including explicit assumptions, conceptual frameworks, and coherent and consistent recommendations. The report is structured by certain value positions rather than analytical concepts. These include rationality, efficiency, equity, faith in dollar measurements, new federalism, and the separation of policy and administration. The report falls short of a blueprint for change of present water policy because it lacks a comprehensive framework and is too discursive over too many unrelated topics.

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00023

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A methodology is presented that employs mixed integer programing as the optimization tool for the planning and design of multireservoir flood control systems. Temporal and spatial flood variability is accounted for in the analysis by using representative sets of recorded or synthetically derived flood hydrographs for each subarea in the basin. The probable maximum flood is also included as part of the model input data to ensure that floods are controlled even under the most adverse conditions.

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00030

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Techniques using dynamic programing (DP) and discrete differential dynamic programing (DDDP) to achieve optimal cost design of pipe sizes and elevations of branched sewer systems have been developed and demonstrated by an example. The branched system is decomposed into equivalent serial subsystems, which are then solved in sequence. DDDP requires less computer time than DP, although it cannot guarantee global optimization. Major factors affecting the efficiency in using DDDP are the location and width of the initial trial trajectory corridor, the number of states (lattice points) used, and the reduction rate of the state increment during iterations.

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00037

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Frequency analysis is commonly used in hydrology to define flood plains, design hydraulic structures, and aid in watershed planning and management. Although design event magnitudes may be determined analytically by using probability distributions, the analytical determination of confidence limits for the design event is not easy. Using the alternate method of moments to determine confidence limits involves an assumption of normality of the distribution of design events. It is shown by data generation that this assumption is valid for quite small samples. Tables are given to compute confidence limits in this manner for several common probability distributions.

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00048

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A large and growing number of models are available for generating synthetic streamflow traces for use in planning. A survey of these techniques suggests some general precepts for the construction and use of hydrologic models in planning.

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00054

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Markov mixture models combine a Markov model for transitions between low and normal streamflow states with a mixture model blending two normal subpopulations. The models are particularly effective for generating synthetic streamflow records with long and severe droughts. Their use in a hypothetical planning problem illustrates the application of a set of modeling precepts.

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00064

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Birth‐death models can generate synthetic flow sequences that demonstrate differential persistence, i.e., sequences in which low flows show more persistence than high flows do. A simple phenomenological model helps justify the assumption of differential persistence. The use of a birth‐death model, together with a set of modeling precepts, shows that differential persistence is a phenomenon of considerable descriptive importance but at least in some planning situations does not carry corresponding prescriptive importa

ISSN:0043-1397    

DOI:10.1029/WR011i001p00075

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY