摘要:

The past and present delivery of psychological services to correctional departments in Australia and New Zealand was surveyed via questionnaires. Responses were received from six of the eight Australian jurisdictions surveyed and the one New Zealand department. Considerable variation in size and range of service was evident. Clinical work, particularly treatment, was the central activity in all cases. Recent developments, such as larger‐scale treatment programs for special groups (e.g., sex offenders) and contributions to overall correctional management were repotted by some respondents. The restructuring of psychology sections in some departments had produced problems in relations between psychologists and their employing departments. Similarities in developments and issues in correctional psychology in the United States, England, and Wales were note

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260167

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper highlights areas of organisational psychology that are relevant to the work of forensic psychologists. Traditionally, the psychologist's contribution to forensic issues has had its primary focus on the assessment and treatment of the individual. Little attention has been given to the potential contribution of psychological expertise in the areas of selection of prison, police, or other custodial officers, training of officers, and the design of human environments for both inmates and staff. It will be good for the profession if psychological expertise could also be directed at the organisation, with the aim of assisting in organisational change, job redesign, and human resource policy. Furthermore, recent developments in organisational psychology, particularly in the area of training and career development, have considerable relevance to the traditional work of forensic psychologists at the individual level.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260168

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper critically examines the inadequacies of sentencing practice in relation to a number of aspects of offender psychology. It is argued that sentencers are inadequately informed in regard to the two major goals of sentencing: deterrence and rehabilitation. Without conducting thorough evaluations of the effectiveness of sentencing, including an analysis of the experience of offenders, it is likely that “sentencing in the dark” will continue. The literature on the perspectives and beliefs of offenders suggests that although offenders may plead guilty in the hope of achieving a lower sentence, in many cases there is likely to be a lack of genuine remorse and therefore the sentencing process will not effectively engage the offender. Similarly, the literature on deterrence suggests that offenders underestimate. their chances of getting caught, and this is likely to diminish the intended deterrent effect of sentencing. It is argued that the current arrangement suits both sentencers and offenders as bureaucratic efficiency is served and sentences are “discounted”. It is suggested that psychology has much to offer the criminal justice system by critically evaluating the likely impact of various sentencing strategies and pointing out conflicts in sentencing practice. The first step, it is argued, should be an attempt to disentangle the confusion of sentencing and treatment that often places both offenders and treatment staff in conflict and compromises the integrity of treatment p

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260169

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper we review the contribution of forensic clinical psychology to the investigation, understanding, and formulation of offending behaviour. The most significant contributions have been made in the areas of violence and sexual offending. The forensic clinician will need to be aware of work relating to personality predispositions, of research into the causal role of anger, of the links between mental disorder and offending behaviour, and of the difficulties in determining risk. These are all areas in which significant progress has been made and which are likely to expand and develop in the future.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260170

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Persistent juvenile theft can be difficult to treat. It can be elusive to observation, can have low individual baseline rates of occurrence and detection, and can have strong and immediate self‐reinforcing properties. These difficulties are accentuated when treatment is conducted in naturalistic settings, where less control can be exercised in the observation and verification of theft, and where less control is available for punishing theft or interfering with the immediately self‐reinforcing contingencies which accompany it. This study reports the design of a standardised outpatient, family‐based treatment of persistent juvenile theft. The treatment was tested through intervention with 14 juvenile thieves of diverse ages and stealing histories, who were consecutively referred to an outpatient child psychiatry se

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260171

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric diagnosis that links a stressor to an anxiety reaction. It is increasingly the subject of compensation claims in Australian courts. A recent Federal Court decision ruled against an applicant's claim for PTSD arising from exposure to atomic testing in Maralinga in 1957. The legal definition of stressor is discussed in the context of this case and of recent developments in diagnostic criteria of PTSD. Forensic psychologists need to be aware that ambiguities still exist in the definition of stressor, and that a legal definition has yet to be stipulated in Australian court

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260172

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article reviews the psychometric features of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAP) and its applications in clinical practice. The instrument is compared with the MMPI‐2, and it is argued that the PAI™ is superior on several grounds. In the forensic context, the PAI™ is discussed in relation to its use as a screening instrument, as a predictor of DSM‐IV diagnoses and as an instrument for describing specific forensic groups (e.g., “dangerous” offenders, “psychopathic” offenders and “abused” individuals). It is concluded that the PAI™ is a new instrument that offers the psychologist comprehensive and intelligent

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260173

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260174

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reviews findings in relation to the self‐worth theory of achievement motivation (Beery, 1975; Covington, 1984a, 1984b; Covington&Beefy, 1976; Covington&Omelich, 1979a). The purpose in doing so is to establish guidelines which may be used to advise counselling approaches for self‐worth protective students. These are students who voluntarily withdraw effort in achievement situations in which poor performance is likely to reflect low ability. While low effort allows a sense of self‐worth to be protected in the short term, long‐term results include perpetuation of avoidance behaviours in situations which involve threat to self‐esteem, substantial underachievement, and maintenance of low self‐estimates of ability. Recommendations for counselling include cognitive restructuring as a means of altering unproductive perceptions and cognitions which lie at the heart of self‐worth protection. These include a tendency to reject personal agency as cause of success, disproportionate emphasis given to achievement as a criterion of self‐worth, and attributio

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260175

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is proposed that the expansion of the research base in clinical neuropsychology to reflect client and clinician concerns with a range of psychosocial consequences of brain impairments is a priority. As neuropsychologists have become involved in patient management, their need for data of relevance to assessing and treating the broader social and interpersonal aspects of their clients' competencies has become increasingly obvious. In addition, study of the adaptation of patients to the effects of brain damage can provide important information about the effects of social support, stress appraisal, and coping in response to mental and physical impairment.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069608260176

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY