摘要:

The history of interest measurement has occurred principally within vocational psychology. Beginning with E.K. Strong Jr. and G.F. Kuder it is possible to abstract thematic qualities from interest measurement which endure in Holland's (1985) theory of vocational choice. The relations between educational and vocational interests are frequently assumed but rarely investigated. Research, however, does suggest that measured educational and vocational preferences contain similar interest themes. The relations between preferences and choices are complicated by the constraints on possibilities which actual choices entail. In spite of this the evidence indicates that there are longitudinal relations between vocational preferences and educational choices consistent with their shared thematic qualities. These findings suggest that interest themes are important for explaining educational choices in addition to vocational preferences.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069308258855

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Australia has a younger population than many other countries due to a high level of immigration from overseas. However, a significant change is occurring. It is estimated that during the 1990s an increase of 38% for those over 75 and 61% for those over 85 will occur, compared with a projected growth of the total population of 12% (ABS, 1988). As the baby boom reaches old age, Australia is beginning to appreciate the necessity of acquiring information about elderly people. The psychology of ageing is thus important to researchers as well as to policy planners and clinicians.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069308258856

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ageism has been a poorly defined polemical term covering a range of discriminatory attitudes and behaviours directed toward elderly people. Based on data from 195 1st‐year psychology students, this study measures four facets of ageism—attitudes to the elderly, attitudes to the ageing process, stereotypes of capability and stereotypes of sociability—and relates scale scores to experimental findings on age discrimination. The study shows interconnectedness among components of ageism, but considerable diversity in how ageist the group was on different dimensions. The major finding was that while both attitudinal and experimental designs were effective in uncovering biases against elderly people, these biases were unrelated to each other. Ageism, defined in terms of verbally expressed prejudice and stereotypes, is to be distinguished from age discrimination, operationalised as a preference for younger over older job appli

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069308258857

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Memory beliefs and memory performance of older and younger adults were compared and the relationship between them examined. Both general metamemory (knowledge and self‐efficacy) and specific attributions tied to a prose memory task were examined in 40 younger (mean Age = 23 years) and 40 older (mean Age = 73 years) adults. General metamemory was assessed using the MIA questionnaire, while specific attributional questions were modelled after Lachman. Free recall of narrative or expository prose was the criterion task. Older adults seem to have internalised a low sense of memory self‐efficacy, as demonstrated by the MIA and more internal performance attributions. The narrative was judged more understandable than the expository text. It was remembered equally well by both groups and better than the expository text. Younger and older adults were equally satisfied with their actual performance and equally knowledgeable about the memory system, despite older adults' reduced memory self‐efficacy. General memory self‐efficacy, rather than memory knowledge or specific attributions, together with text comprehension predicted performance. Both task characteristics and enduring memory beliefs are important in memory perf

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069308258858

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study investigated the long‐term impact of a small‐group psychoeducational program on 51 individuals who were providing unpaid care for a dependent elderly relative or friend. As well, 13 caregivers in a comparable wait‐list control group were followed up 12 months after pretesting. Quantitative and qualitative analytic procedures were used to assess the effectiveness of the program. Overall, psychological and behavioural indicators were found to be positive for program partici

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069308258859

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mental disorders have a high prevalence among nursing home residents. Behaviour disorders range from social withdrawal which stems from depression to disruptive behaviour associated with the dementias, such as attention‐seeking behaviour and inappropriate vocalising. In the main, management of these disorders has been through pharmacological intervention. However, enough studies have accumulated which demonstrate an association between the social environment and psychological well‐being to suggest that further trials of social interventions are warran

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069308258860

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069308258861

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Currently, skills training in psychology in Australian universities is restricted to the postgraduate level. The present paper argues that there is a set of skills forming part of the core of professional psychology that could be taught at the undergraduate level to provide a more balanced implementation of the scientist‐practitioner model. The skills proposed involve interpersonal processes, testing and assessment, applied research and evaluation, and behavioural analysis. A number of difficulties in introducing skills training of this sort to the undergraduate curriculum are note

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069308258862

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper addresses the controversy that has arisen over the appropriateness of trying to train students to become practising psychologists within 4 years of non‐specialised tertiary study. Pressures external to the discipline of psychology have forced a reconsideration of training and credentials for professional psychologists. Pressures include market forces and a large and sudden increase in the number of psychology courses available in Australian universities. This paper briefly describes the scientist‐practitioner model and the current routes to becoming a professional psychologist. In particular the role of the 4th year in professional training is examined by comparing the honours degree with a 4‐year pass degree/diploma. The educational resources and professional implications of attempting to train practising psychologists solely within 4 years are described. Finally, it is argued that in order to fulfil the requirements of the scientist‐practitioner model, a significant research experience in either an applied or basic field should be retained and that to achieve a professional qualification within 4 years would require the present degree structure to change from non‐specialist to s

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069308258863

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Empirical and anecdotal evidence support the view that the great majority of professional (as distinct from academic) psychologists never conduct any research. Their interests and activities lie in the applied field. As consumers rather than producers of scientific research, why must they undertake research? Is conducting research the best way to be educated in how to read reports critically? This paper looks at the balance between professional skill development and the acquisition of scientific knowledge in pre‐service education and training, in the light of the needs and interests of most graduate

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050069308258864

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY