ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068408255410

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The general argument presented is that the doings of cognitive psychologists should be seen as a “cognitive practice” that is identical with teaching. Teaching, following Ryle, is also regarded as the best name for what people do to themselves when they think. The basic point is that to ask about it is to do it‐i.e. practise cognition (i.e. teach)‐and vice versa. This has implications for the debate on cognitive psychology being applied in education. It is claimed that most cognitive experiments are excellent demonstrations of the necessary art of how to get people to do things, and how to learn exactly what is being done when they are got to do them. The demand to be scientific is seen as a demand for clear instructive statements‐publicly available descriptions that are prescriptions. There is no quarrel with what cognitive experimenters are doing, save for their refusal to notice that it is in fact all a study of what you can teach people to do, and could not be anything else‐a refusal which wishes on us non‐problems of various kinds and obscures real issues in cognitive debate. Experimenters are seen as acting sensibly, but not looking at what they do, and getting their own data int

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068408255411

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present paper reports psychometric properties for parallel forms of an Australian Sex‐Role Scale. the Personal Description Questionnaire, using a sample of 736 females and 542 males. In general findings were consistent with the design of the scale, however, two problems were noted: correlations between the parallel forms of the feminine negative scale were low, and coefficient ∞ was somewhat low for the feminine negative scale on Form B. Data were also presented on the relationship between self‐esteem and the masculinity and femininity scales. Self‐esteem was found to be positively related to the masculine positive scales, but negatively related to the feminine negative scales. These findings were broadly consistent with previous studies but indicated a need to investigate the components of masculinity and femininity rather than treating them as global con

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068408255412

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pettigrew's (1958) hypothesis that quality of psychological adjustment is partly a function of the fit between a person's political values and those of the surrounding social milieu was tested using student samples from Queensland and South Australia. The measures of psychological adjustment were two factors of locus of control (political and general) and general life satisfaction. As predicted, in the Queensland sample conservatism was positively associated with higher general life satisfaction while this correlation was reversed for the South Australian sample. Results for the locus of control measures failed to support the hypothesis. The results provided support for the general Person/Environment fit model and indicated the feasibility and value of studying regional differences in Australia.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068408255413

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068408255414

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Psychology seeks to justify its claims to privilege as a social institution largely on the basis of its scientific knowledge claims. These knowledge claims tend to be based on, and to reflect a particular view about the nature of science which is under increasing challenge. This situation is discussed and some of its implications examined.

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068408255415

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There is evidence to be inferred from statistics about health status and mortality rates that a large proportion of illness and premature death is preventable. Primary prevention programmes appear to have had only limited success when individuals need to take responsibility for preserving their own health. This paper examines the concept of primary prevention and its assumptions, including the need to increase the sense of personal power of individuals. It also deals with some of the problems for primary prevention policies and their implementation. Other primary prevention issues such as ethical and legal considerations. cost‐benefits, foci of programmes, and the specification of goals and objectives, are considered. We propose public (government) policies to broaden the concept of health sciences for research and practice, and to give a high priority for resource allocation to prevention of illness and promotion of health, including funding of interdisciplinary research teams. We advocate taking a general systems theory approach to prevention, while enhancing and developing the sense of personal power of individual members of social system

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068408255416

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068408255417

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The Lineaments of Mind. John Cohen. Oxford and San Francisco. W.H. Freeman and Company.Cognition, Development and Instruction. John R. Kirby and John B. Biggs (Eds.)The Art and Science of Visual Illusions. Nicholas Wade. London. Routledge and Kegan Paul.Child Language. Alison Elliot.Children's Oral Communication Skills. W. Patrick Dickson (Ed.).The Language of Children Reared in Poverty: Implications for Evaluation and Intervention. Lynn Feagans and Dale Clark Farran (Eds.).Fairness in Children. Michael Siegal.The Origins of Logic (Six to Twelve Months). Jonas Langer.Are Young Children Egocentric?M.V. Cox (Ed.).Mainstreaming of Children in Schools: Research and Programmatic Issues. Phillip S. Strain and Mary M. Kerr.The Perception of Pictures, Vol. 1. Alberti's Window. Margaret A. Hagen (Ed.)Psychopathology and Subfecundity. Joseph A. McFalls.Medical Psychology: Contributions to Behavioral Medicine. Charles K. Prokof and Lawrence A. Bradley (Eds.).The Substance Abuse Problems. Sidney Cohen.Family Mental Health: Theory and Practice. Rae Sedgwick. St. Louis, Missouri. C.V. Mosby.Handbook of Family Therapy. Alan S. Gurman and David P. Kniskern (Eds.)

ISSN:0005-0067    

DOI:10.1080/00050068408255418

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY