摘要:

Sixty-one calves were electrically stunned with 100–250 V currents (103–1806 mA) and the prevalence and duration of insensibility was assessed from their physical behaviour, the presence of epileptiform activity in their electrocorticograms, and the absence of visual evoked responses in their electrocorticograms. A current applied at 100 V across the head for 3 s failed to induce insensibility in all cases. Currents at 150–250 V induced insensibility in all calves and the shortest duration of insensibilitv was 44 s. It is recommended that a 150–200 V current would be annronriate for commercial use.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35922

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Tail docking of dairy cows to facilitate milking is carried out on calves or on heifers before calving. By monitoring changes in plasma cortisol concentrations, this study evaluated the distress in calves when docked by a rubber ring or docking iron (cautery) with or without local anaesthetic. The cortisol responses indicated that in most calves docking using a rubber ring or docking iron was no more distressing than control handling and simulated docking. A small proportion of calves in control and tail docked groups exhibited larger cortisol responses, the magnitudes of which suggested that they experienced some mild distress. There was no detectable benefit with either method of docking when local anaesthetic was used. The rubber ring is the preferable method, as there was some haemorrhage after docking with the docking iron.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35923

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Cattle are disbudded or dehorned using a variety of methods. In this study, plasma cortisol concentrations were used to monitor distress in 6-week-old Friesian calves during the 9 hours following disbudding. Disbudding was carried out with a cautery iron or a dehorning scoop, with or without local anaesthetic. Cautery caused a transient rise in cortisol concentrations which returned to control values within 3 hours. The cortisol response to the scoop was more prolonged, as the plasma cortisol concentrations did not return to control levels until 7.5 hours after disbudding. The administration of a local anaesthetic reduced the cortisol response during the first 2 hours after scoop dehorning. This reduced response was followed by a delayed rise in cortisol concentrations between 2 and 7.5 hours. Cautery caused less distress than the scoop. The administration of local anaesthetic had little effect in alleviating distress in calves disbudded using the cautery iron.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35924

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The objectives of this study were to provide baseline data for α-tocopherol, selenium and polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in the serum and feed of New Zealand dairy cattle, and to assess the likelihood that abnormal peroxide metabolism has a role in the impaired lactational and reproductive performance noted in selenium-deficient cattle. Twenty-four Friesian heifers were randomly allocated one of four winter diets consisting of hay with or without selenium supplementation, or pasture and silage with or without selenium supplementation. A winter diet consisting exclusively of hay (α-tocopherol concentration 19 mg/kg of dry matter) resulted in a pre-calving serum α- tocopherol concentration of 1.2 mg/l compared to 4.5 mgl for pastured heifers (p<0.01). The pre-calving α-tocopherol concentration for the heifers fed hay fell into the range considered deficient (<2.0 mg/l), whereas heifers fed pasture and silage remained in the range considered adequate throughout the study period.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35925

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A 12-year-old Arab stallion was presented with a chronically swollen right carpus resulting in profound lameness of the same leg. An incisional biopsy of subcutaneous tissue from the right carpus submitted for cytology and histopathology revealed large numbers of eosinophils interspersed by substantial numbers of variably sized and granulated mast cells. Fungal culture of a subcutaneous tissue sample taken from the right carpus was negative. Serial full blood counts revealed persistent mature eosinophilia, not accompanied by a mastocytaemia, neutrophilia without left shift and persistent hyperfibrinogenaemia. After humane destruction, dissection of the affected limb revealed a thick layer of connective tissue deposited around the right carpal joint. Within the connective tissue were embedded many small 0.25–1 cm diameter yellow gritty nodules, which consisted of dystrophic calcification and necrotic cell debris. The tendons enveloped by the connective tissue mass had limited function. The right axillary lymph node was moderately enlarged, yellow-brown and moist. Histopathological examination revealed a moderately well differentiated mast cell neoplasm with evidence of metastasis to the regional lymph node. In horses, malignant mast cell neoplasia is rare, while metastasis has only been reported in one other horse. Eosinophilia associated with equine mast cell neoplasia has not been reported previously but is recorded in mast cell neoplasia in the dog.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35926

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Seventeen horses diagnosed as having navicular syndrome on the basis of history, clinical findings, regional local anaesthesia and radiography were subjected to bilateral navicular suspensory desmotomy. Before surgery, the duration of navicular lameness ranged from 6 weeks to 4 years. Previous unsuccessful treatments prior to surgery included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, corrective shoeing, rest and isoxsuprine. For the seventeen horses subject to surgery, twelve horses were sound, one horse was improved and four horses were lame at a minimum of 6 months after surgery.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35927

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study examined the effect of age on bone breaking strength and the prevalence of broken bones in hens kept in a perchery egg laying system. During the first 6 weeks of lay, bone strength increased by about 25%. The prevalence of broken bones which had repaired increased from 0% at 19 weeks of age to 23% at 72 weeks. Most of this increase occurred during the last half of lay and during this period the humerus became slightly more brittle. The exact reason for the increase in broken bones was not revealed, but because they occurred largely in the keel and furculum they were thought to be due to flight and landing accidents.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35928

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Extract

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35929

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Exract

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35930

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Congenital hydrocephalus has been reported in most species of domestic animals and is one of the most common congenital malformations of the canine central nervous system(1). Small, toy and brachycephalic breeds are at higher risk of hydrocephalus than larger breeds. Newborn and immature hydrocephalic puppies typically show an enlarged, domeshaped cranium, open fontanelles, visual and auditory impairment, poor growth rate and sometimes an uncoordinated gait. The pathogenesis of hydrocephalus is unclear but inheritance as an autosomal recessive trait has been identified in some breeds. Suspected inherited polymicrogyria and hydrocephalus has been identified in young Standard Poodles and a similar condition seen in a Golden Retriever dog in the USA(1). During the past 2 years, congenital and suspected inherited (as an autosomal recessive trait) hydrocephalus has been diagnosed in Golden Retriever puppies in New Zealand.

ISSN:0048-0169    

DOI:10.1080/00480169.1996.35931

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor