摘要:

Two philosophic processes of inquiry are presented as holding substantial promise for the study of human moving. The process of edification and the process of theory building are proposed as formal approaches to discipline philosophic inquiry which may enhance the level of sophistication evident in human movement studies. The products of these approaches to inquiry include the generation of dialogues and the design of theories associated with the performance of sport, dance, and exercise. It is suggested that scholarly involvement in the philosophic processes may contribute to a student's or scholar's ability to pursue problem solving in creative and flexible ways, as well as help develop their capacity to systematize information and concepts into coherent organizations for structuring thought.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1985.10483815

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Accomplished philosophical accounts of sport's sociopolitical purpose have aimed at a critical analysis of the political dimensions of sport. Such accounts have tended either to condemn or to promote variously existing or hoped-for political ideologies with respect to sport; most significantly, ideologies of a capitalist, neo-Marxist, or“mainstream”socialist (Marxist) sort. Only the Marxist accounts, however, have succeeded in recognizing both the inherently playful (the essentially free) nature of sport and its sociopolitical status (its detemkate content). Neo-Marxist accounts have failed in the former respect, capitalist accounts in the latter. It is the purpose of this essay to give a synthetic interpretation of the philosophical groundwork of these judgments about modem socialist sport in terms of Hegel's ontological contributions to Marxist thought, in terms of what Marx made of these contributions in respect to humanity's social and political life, and in terms of the implications of Marxist thought for modem sporting activity.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1985.10483816

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Violence is an unfortunate and unpleasant aspect of many sporting contests. It is a challenging task to unravel the complex reasons that underly the phenomenon. As of yet this task has not been accomplished fully. This paper will assess the relative importance of a number of factors that contribute to sports violence, and will suggest remedies to the problem. A wide variety of psychological, social, situational, and moral forces are examined. The paper suggests that a powerful socialization process is the primary determinant of sports violence but that other factors also play a significant mediating role. A conceptual model of the aggression process is presented, which suggests ways to curb violent behavior. It is concluded that socialization forces, particularly reinforcement, are the most readily manipulated in order to control violence in sport.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1985.10483817

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper examines the role of sport in determining attitudes and behavior in intergroup situations. The purpose is to suggest that participation in highly competitive sport encourages strong identification of fans with teams, which has important psychological implications for individuals and may foster negative sentiments toward outgroups. Manifestations of group consciousness in sport and the levels of antipathy described by Allport (1958) are discussed. Theories of conflict, categorization, and social competition form the basis of a discussion of some determinants of identification with sport teams, and implications for the physical education profession are drawn.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1985.10483818

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper analyzes the Olympic dilemma from the perspective of social psychology. Specifically, the contact theory is applied to the interaction of organizers, athletes, and spectators at the Olympic Games. The literature investigating the relationship between interaction and the development of positive feelings among participants is reviewed and, where possible, hypotheses based upon the contact theory are developed. Finally, changes are suggested in the Olympic format which would increase the opportunities for positive outcomes from interaction.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1985.10483819

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

While the termsports lawhas been used as a catch-all phrase to describe the increasing number of sports-related disputes being submitted to the courts for resolution, no substantive defmition of this phenomenon has been forthcoming. This paper suggests categorical parameters for the field through a descriptive case analysis of four types of sports disputes frequently litigated: traditional negligence liability claims, professional athletic contracts, social issues in sport (involving challenges to existing authority), and gratuitous violence. It is further argued that such litigation inevitably contributes to a diminution of the mystique surrounding athletic heroes.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1985.10483820

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper examines the oppomnity for developing new professional molds in physical education presented by the increasing popularity of health promotion and lifestyle management techniques. Mobiiing the physical education profession to assist the transformation of North Americans into a society of healthy people, however, must be tempered with a careful look at the threats contained within the opportunity of building a platform upon“suasion for health.”Four contentious issues regarding the implanting of beliefs about desirable levels of health and fitness, and the promotion of techniques to correct and sustain these levels, are identified as grist for professional concern. These are (a) the misuse and costs of suasion, (b) imposing values packaged in scientific wrapping, (c) social inequities and individual consequences resulting from a choice of the locus of responsibility, and (d) biases in the communication of health risk information. This paper then enumerates the direct costs and benefits accruing from the pursuit of health promotion activities in an environment of uncertainty, and recommends the application of a more systematic cost-benefit analysis in the choice of interventions and technologies.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1985.10483821

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Biomechanical researchers who analyze data collected cinematographically usually acknowledge the work of late 19th-century cinematographers Eadweard Muybridge (United States and England), Etienne J. Marey (France), Christian W. Braune, and Otto Fisher (Germany). The acknowledgement is then typically followed by a review of the current literature. But most of these studies delete the significant“middle generation”of cinematographers—1930–1939—a particularly fruitful decade during which motion pictures were used to help identify biomechanical principles. This discussion will focus on the cinematographical studies of W.O. Fern, H. Elftman, R.B. Glassow, E. Jokl, and T.K. Cureton, who have given biomechanics a rich legacy and helped define the discipline as it exists today.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1985.10483822

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper contains an in-depth, three-part overview of the literature and ideas pertaining to professionalization of attitudes toward play. The first section focuses on the popular ideology which assumes that similar values are operative in both the sport world and the adult work world. The second part of the paper consists of a review and critique of the research and theory centering on value orientation and its relationship to age, athletic status, and gender. The last section contains an examination of the properties and assumptions of the Webb Scale and suggestions for scale improvement. The author attempts to show that thus far the existing research has failed to prove empirically (a) that significant differences in value orientation can be attributed to participation in athletics, and (b) that involvement in competitive sport socializes an athlete into the value system of the work world. The author also argues that the professionalization of attitudes is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon, a concept which has not been reflected in the measurement of such attitudes.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1985.10483823

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper emphasizes the need for the recognition of the importance of cognitive processes and appropriate learner strategies for achievement in psychomotor tasks. A taskanalysis procedure in an informational processing perspective is proposed that should help classify tasks in order to M e strategies that instructom might teach and learners might use. The primary objective is not only to aid initial learning in formal instructional programs. We are also concerned with learners developing an ability to generalize to and to accommodate potential future related task demands once they have finished their programs and are on their own.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1985.10483824

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor