ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1990.10483975

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Despite considerable research, the question of whether obese individuals are more metabolically efficient than their nonobese counterparts has not been conclusively answered. This paper examines the research on energy expenditure in obesity, particularly the resting metabolic rate (RMR). Because of the paucity of research using obese males as subjects, the paper focuses on obese females. Absolute RMR has been found to be higher in obese than in nonobese women, RMR per kg fat-free mass is often similar between the groups, and RMR per kg body weight is typically lower in the obese. Formerly obese women often have reduced energy requirements, suggesting a degree of energy efficiency. Factors that affect energy expenditure, and which might account for the lack of consistent findings in RMR studies of the obese, are discussed. These include (a) diet and exercise, (b) genetics, (c) age of obesity onset, and (d) the composition of body weight. Implications for research are presented.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1990.10483976

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In recent years, the roles of cognitive and emotional processes in student demoralization have become important research topics. Drawing from the educational and sport psychology research literature, this paper (a) presents an attributional analysis of chronic failure experiences in physical education settings, (b) identifies and describes two important antecedents of student demoralization; namely, the competitive achievement structures of our traditional school systems and reactive teaching behaviors, and (c) outlines equity teaching approaches, proactive teaching styles, and reattribution training as potential remedies for chronic student failure experiences. The suggestion is made that teachers of physical education need to be sensitized to attribution theory if they are to fully understand both the adaptive and maladaptive implications of their own teaching behaviors, and that they should enhance the motivation of all students, not just those who currently excel.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1990.10483977

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper examines the content and context of changes in the dominant discourses of physical education. It begins with an analysis of the role of language in publicly defining a role for new professions and defining the nature of that profession's expertise. It then briefly traces the reconstruction of university physical education as sports studies, sport sciences, and sport management and situates these discourses in a political and historical context. The final sections proceed to deconstruct the languages of sport science and sport management, to connect these with struggles to redefine the profession, and to point to some issues for professional education if physical education is to retain any of its traditional humanistic meanings. The argument is grounded in an interview study of technical and administrative professionals in Canadian high performance sport.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1990.10483978

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

As part of their quest to secure academic credibility, physical educators in Australia, Canada, Britain, and the United States have increasingly privileged empirical–analytical forms of research. We argue that this strategy has resulted in a montage of professional values and practices that we term technocratic physical education (TPE). We contend that TPE is based on ideologies of professionalism, scientism, and instrumental rationality, which articulate one-dimensional definitions of excellence in teaching, the body, and sport and also marginalize issues related to political and moral ends. By drawing on the traditions of critical pedagogy and reflective teaching, we suggest some ways in which the limits of TPE can be transcended in pre- and inservice teacher education curricula.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1990.10483979

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper outlines which values attributed to sport would be more compatible with differing educational purposes. The basic criterion used for determining which values deserve priority is that those values that are most compatible with a particular purpose deserve priority. Jewett and Bain's five curriculum value orientations are used to establish five different educational purposes. Sport values particularly relevant to each of these purposes are identified, and some emphases in the organization of sport to enhance those values are identified.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1990.10483980

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor