摘要:

This paper discusses the apparent malaise within sport socialization research. After evaluating the previous literature as well as existing critiques, we suggest that the majority of problematic assumptions have occurred at the methodological rather than the theoretical level. Many methodological limitations are evident, such as sampling bias, using males as a standard, and the failure to use control groups. In addition a breakdown between theory and subsequent operationalization has occurred, as demonstrated by the reduction of the socialization process to a unidirectional situation. The discussion concludes by suggesting that there is continuous need to shuttle between theoretical conceptualization and empirical exposition.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1987.10483852

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

If only 49.9% of the women's Division I college athletic teams are coached by women (Acosta&Carpenter, 1985a), then based on extrapolation it seems that women hold about 25% of all Division I coaching positions. Although a few researchers have investigated the reasons for this skewed gender ratio, they have used the individual model that assumes the worker shapes the workplace. In contrast, this author attempts to explain male domination of the profession using an organizational model based on the assumption that the structure of the workplace shapes the worker. This model is the basis for Kanter's (1977) theory in which she identifies three structural determinants of the workplace that shape gender differentiated work behavior. This author explores the shape of these determinants—opportunity, power, and proportion in the coaching profession—to determine how they may affect the number of females who enter and leave the coaching profession. The discussion of each determinant is accompanied by suggestions for restructuring the workplace to make the climate more favorable for women coaches.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1987.10483853

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

One factor that appears to have significant influence on peer relations, especially for boys, is physical competence. Children gain peer acceptance by excelling at something valued by other children, and there is much evidence that athletic skills are valued by other children. Literature on physical competence and peer relations illustrates that children with competent motor skills appear to be popular not only in formally organized competitive sport settings but also in informal“pick up”games. The inferior status of low ability children is clearly evident when they attempt to gain entry into playground games. It is concluded that physically competent children acquire more status and enjoy greater social success than do physically inept children. In conclusion, the article suggests that physical education may be used as an intervention strategy to enhance the peer status of physically incompetent children by improving their motor skills.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1987.10483854

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper reviews the current research on teacher effectiveness as it applies to physical education in the areas of (a) teacher expectations, (b) classroom management and organization, (c) a supportive learning environment, (d) active teaching, task-oriented, or direct instruction, (e) curriculum pacing, (f) student opportunity to learn, including allocated, engaged, and academic learning time, (g) teaching to mastery, and (h) grade-level differences. Some problems in applying the research to actual school situations are presented, along with implications for physical education.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1987.10483855

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper discusses various issues related to the fragmentation and specialization debate by attempting to identify critical factors that have contributed to the present knowledge structure of physical education. Two major factors are considered in depth: (a) lack of a clearly defined knowledge structure, and (b) vertical development of independent subdisciplines that have been guided and dominated by the parent disciplines. The first involves conceptual identification and agreement about subject matter, while the second involves the proliferation of independent specialties, each striving for academic respectability. After careful consideration of the issues, fragmentation is viewed as the underlying problem, and a horizontal cross-disciplinary approach is suggested as a possible solution.

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1987.10483856

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0033-6297    

DOI:10.1080/00336297.1987.10483857

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor