ISSN:1370-4788    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1968.tb00196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe pricing in private and public enterprise differs primarily on the supply side. In the long run, private enterprises must cover total costs and provide an adequate return necessary to attract venture capital. In contrast, extra‐commercial considerations may influence pricing in public enterprises. They may incur losses in the public interest under explicit directives from the government.A number of theories of pricing in public enterprises have been put forward. Most important of these are: (1) marginal cost of production theory; (2) no profit, no loss theory; (3) average cost of production theory; (4) theory of making profits. All these theories suffer from a number of weaknesses and none of them taken individually is a satisfactory guide for determining the prices of the products of public enterprises.There however exists a strong case for public enterprises, particularly in developing countries, to earn reasonable profits in pricing their products. Public enterprises fostered on public revenues must yield surpluses which can be used either for their own expansion or for financing the general development plans of the country. The profits which a public enterprise can earn are an important indication of the justification for the use of economic resources in that economic activity. Upholding the test of profit not only lessens possibilities of the investment decisions being subjected to political pressures but also safeguards against inefficiency in management. A policy of profits is essential for attaining the goal of building a socialist society. The amount of profits expected from different enterprises, however, cannot be uniform because of diverse objectives sought in the setting up of public enterprises, degree of essentiality of their products, nature of the services provided by them, size of their market, class of their consumers and their paying capacity, conditions of market under which they operate, their role in stimulating growth and social benefits conferred by the

ISSN:1370-4788    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1968.tb00197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1370-4788    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1968.tb00198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1370-4788    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1968.tb00199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1370-4788    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1968.tb00200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1370-4788    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1968.tb00201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1370-4788    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1968.tb00202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY