ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740320117

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwelve varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), 14 varieties of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoideum), 12 varieties of setaria (Setaria italica), four varieties of ragi (Eleucine coracana), 11 varieties of echinocloa millet (Echinocloa colona), 13 varieties of proso (Panicium miliaceum), 11 varieties of kodo (Paspalum scorbiculatum) and 11 varieties of miliare (Panicium miliare) were screened for inhibitory activity against human salivary amylase. Echinocloa, proso, kodo and miliare had no detectable activity. Two strains of sorghum and one strain of pearl millet did not show α‐amylase inhibitory activity. All other seeds had activity, the highest being observed in sorghum. Setaria had no action on human, bovine and porcine pancreatic anylases. Sorghum inhibitor did not act on bovine and porcine pancreatic amylases. Pearl millet and ragi extracts inhibited all the four α‐amylases. The inhibitors were non‐dialysable and were inactivated by pepsin treatment. Setaria and sorghum inhibitors were relatively thermolabile compared to ragi and pearl millet inh

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740320103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFumigation of wheat with methyl bromide causes a change in the polyacrylamide gel, isoelectric focusing profile of esterase proteins from aqueous extracts of wheat. The significance of this effect is discussed in the light of known reactions of methyl bromide in stored products.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740320104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCysteic acid and methionine sulphone were measured in soil hydrolysates by ion exchange chromatography, after pretreatment of the soil with performic acid. In four mineral soils these amino acids accounted for 19‐31% of the carbon‐bonded sulphur measured by difference between total organic sulphur and total organic sulphate, but only 8% in a peat. When carbon‐bonded sulphur is measured directly by reduction with Raney‐Nickel, however, the amounts are lower, and cysteic acid and methionine sulphone together account for 80‐100% of the values for the mineral soils and 50% of that for the peat. It seems therefore that Raney‐Nickel reduces only a fraction of the carbon‐bonded sulphur consisting mainly of amino

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740320105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudies were conducted to investigate the possible use of raw Magadi soda (RMS), a sodium sesquicarbonate salt (Na2CO3NaHCO3. H2O) in the detoxification of the tannins associated with high‐ and low‐tannin sorghum grains and to establish the relative in‐vitro nutritive value of the treated grains. Treatment of grains with concentrations as low as 4 g litre−1of RMS for 3 days, reduced the level of the assayable tannins in the grains by 40 to 57%. This reduction was accompanied with an increase in the in‐vitro digestibility of the organic matter and starch. Treatment of the hightannin sorghums increased the in‐vitro protein digestibility while no increase was observed for the low‐tannin sorghums. Use of solutions containing more than 37.5 and 9 g RMS litre−1, resulted in reduced protein digestibility of the high‐ and lowtannin containing sorgh

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740320106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResults from 20 years of wheat experiments were used to compare responses of grain‐N% and grain yield to increasing amounts of fertiliser‐N. Grain‐N% for both winter and spring wheat increased, mostly linearly, throughout the range, whereas many of the grain yield curves reached a maximum and then declined with further additions of N. Provided curve sections exhibiting dilution effects were excluded, the linear or near‐linear relationship between grain‐N% and fertiliser‐N allowed linear regression models to be fitted. This showed that, over a range of 50‐175 kg N ha−1, an average of 32 kg ha−1of fertiliser‐N was required for an increase of 0.1% N in grain dry matter of winter wheat or 56 kg N ha−1for an increase of 1% protein. Results from 3 years of experiments conducted by the Agricultural Development and Advisory Service (ADAS) agreed closely with those obtained from Rothamsted. Using the linear relationship between grain‐N% and fertiliser‐N, curves were plotted of grain yield against grain‐N, adjusted for comparable additions of fertiliser‐N (75, 100, 125, 150 kg ha−1). The curves tended to have sections with rising yield for small applications of N, to exhibit a maximum in a central zone and descending sections for large applications. There was no well‐defined ‚critical level’︁ of grain‐N%, beyond which th

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740320107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEight cultivars of bambara groundnut [Voandzeia subterranea(L.) Thouars] were examined for their protein, non‐protein nitrogen, starch, reducing sugar, tannin and trypsin inhibitor contents. Protein (N × 5.71), starch and reducing sugar contents showed little inter‐cultivar variation giving mean values of 18.7, 42.1 and 1.26 g 100 g−1whole seed, respectively. Tannin contents ranged from 0.36 to 0.94 g 100 g−1whole seed and trypsin inhibitory activity from 6.75 to 15.44 units mg−1. The majority of the protein nitrogen present was extractable in water or dilute salt solution. Trypsin inhibitory activity was directly correlated with the quantity of protein nitrogen extracted from each of the cultivars, which in turn, was found to be inversely related to their tannin contents. This latter effect was modified by both the pH and the molarity of the extra

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740320108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe homoeologous group 1 chromosomes of wheat contain in total five major gene groupings which code for the high‐molecular weight subunits of glutenin. Each gene group displays allelic variation that is detectable by sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). Some of the different allelic subunits have been assessed for their relationship to bread‐making quality. The procedure has been to analyse numerous, unselected progeny of crosses between varieties for both bread‐making quality (by the SDS‐sedimentation test) and subunit composition (by SDS‐PAGE). Two strong correlations with quality were detected in the progeny of several crosses: the presence of subunit 1, a polypeptide coded by genes of chromosome 1A, and the presence of subunits 5 and 10, coded for by chromosome ID. Other significant correlations were detected which need to be confirmed by further analyses. The results are discussed in relation to (i) the relative positions of the glutenin genes on the group 1 chromosomes; and (ii) future strategies for breeding wheats with improved bread

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740320109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFishmeal made from lantern fish (family: Myctophidae; genus:Benthosema pterotum) had proximate, mineral, amino acid and fatty acid composition within the range reported for fishmeal made from conventional fish. Similarly, the pressed‐out oil had a fatty acid composition and content of unsaponifiables as reported for conventional fish oil. The content of unsaponifiables in the body fat of the fish indicated that wax esters contributed a minor part of the lipids of this species of lantern fish. Determined in chicks, the true digestibility of the amino acids varied from 92% (arginine) to 73% (hydroxyproline) which for most of the amino acids was 1‐3% units lower than that found for a high‐quality capelin fishmeal. No differences in rate of mortality, growth rate and feed consumption and utilisation were found between lantern and capelin fishmeal when they replaced increasing amounts (0 to 100%) of soya bean meal as protein supplements (72% of total protein) to cereal diets, both fishmeals reducing feed consumption and causing a significant improvement in feed utilisation compared with soya bean meal. The data indicate that lantern fish may be used for the production of fis

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740320110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study on the digestibility of legume carbohydrates in unprocessed and processed grain and also in the starch isolated from the grain was carried out byin vitroandin vivomethods. The legumes selected were red gram (Cajanus cajancv. Hyd. 3A), Bengal gram (Cicer arietinumcv. BEG 482), black gram (Phaseolus mungocv. T9) and green gram (Phaseolus aureuscv. PS 16). The processes tested were boiling, pressure cooking, roasting, germination, fermentation and parching. The digestibilityin vitrowas assessed on the basis of maltose released after amylolysis and digestibilityin vivowas assessed on the basis of carbohydrate intake and excretion. Digestibilities of thePhaseolusvarieties were superior to red gram and Bengal gram. Roasting did not improve the digestibility of any legume as much as boiling and pressure cooking. The digestibility of fermented and germinated legumes was not much higher than the legumes processed by other methods. The increasing order of digestibilityin vivowas red gram

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740320111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY