摘要:

AbstractThe dry matter (DM) yields, the digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) contents and crude protein (CP) contents of the heads of 16 cultivars of cabbage were determined. Cultivars did not differ significantly in DOMD content (mean, 82.9%). DM yield was negatively correlated with DM content (r= − 0.54) and CP content (r= − 0.53). The S‐methyl cysteine sulphoxide (SMCO, the haemolytic factor) and thiocyanate ion (SCN−, a goitrogen) contents of mature heads were determined at four different harvest dates and expressed as a percentage of the DM. There were large harvest date differences for SMCO, the extremes being 1.01 and 1.71 on the first and second harvest dates, respectively. The harvest date differences for SCN−were small with an average content of 0.0471. The cultivar range for SMCO was 0.89–1.68 and for SCN−

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPens of pigs grown from 30 to 60 kg liveweight (LW) and 30 to 90 kg LW in separate experiments were fed diets containing either 75 or 150 kg t−1dietary dry matter of de‐oiled herring offal silage stored for up to 8 weeks, and their performance compared with pens of pigs fed control diets based on soya bean meal formulated to contain equivalent levels of total lysine. All pens of pigs were rationed on the same time‐based scale of feeding. Pigs in both weight ranges fed herring silage diets grew significantly faster than the control pigs; in the 30–60 kg LW range growth rates were 687 and 529 g day−1(P<0.01) and in the 30–90 kg LW range, 670 and 588 g day−1(P= 0.05), respectively. The mean feed: gain ratio was also better with pigs fed the herring silage diets. No significant differences were found between treatment and control pigs slaughtered at either 60 or 90 kg LW for back fat probe measurements or killingout percentage. No pigs were down graded by the Meat and Livestock Commission carcass quality c

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTriangle tests were used to detect possible differences in the aroma of subcutaneous fat of growing pigs receiving de‐oiled herring offal silage as a protein supplement at high (HS) and medium (MS) levels, i.e. at levels of 150 and 75 kg t−1dry matter (DM), when compared with samples from matched controls. Tests were carried out on samples from pigs slaughtered at 60 and 90 kg. Statistically significant differences in the aroma of subcutaneous fat were detected at both feeding levels (HS and MS) and at each slaughter weight (60 and 90 kg). Correct identification of the odd samples was 60% in pigs slaughtered at 60 kg at both feeding levels. At 90 kg slaughter weight, there were 56 and 76% correct identifications at HS and MS levels, respectively. Paired Comparison (Preference) tests were used to determine if such differences were associated with flavour defects and consequent loss of palatability. Roasted pork joints and pork/rusk loaves from HS and MS pigs were compared with matched controls (HC and MC). As a result of these tests it was concluded that detectable differences from controls in aroma of subcutaneous fat in samples from HS and MS pigs were not associated with alteration in consumer preference for cooked meats. There was no evidence of taint in meats from either HS or MS gro

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPerennial ryegrass, lucerne and clover were each treated with formic acid (4.5 litre t−1crop) and a commercial cellulase preparation derived fromTrichoderma viride(4 g kg−1) and ensiled in triplicate in test‐tube silos, capacity 80 g. The crops were minced, finely chopped or coarsely chopped before ensiling and the test‐tubes were held at 0, 15, 35 or 50°C. All the silages were well preserved and the grass silages, with and without cellulase treatment, contained residual water‐soluble carbohydrates. Treatment with the cellulase preparation resulted in more cellulose being hydrolysed in the grass silages than in the legume silages. The greatest losses of cellulose in each crop occurred in the minced silages held at 1

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe treatment of timothy grass stem tissue with sodium hydroxide in the presence of air resulted in a rapid fall in the amount of solubleD‐glucose andD‐fructose in the plant material. Lactic acid and other degradation products with retention times on gas‐liquid chromatography similar to saccharinic acids were formed. The calcium salt of α‐D‐glucoisosaccharinic acid, although taken up by the rumen bacteria and holotrich protozoa studied, was not readily metabolised as assessed by gas, volatile fatty acid and lactate production and incorporation studies. Using the same criteria, the calcium salts of α,β‐D‐glucometasaccharinic acids were not assimilated by either of the microbial cell preparations isolated from sheep receiving a diet of hay and sugar‐beet pulp. The uptake ofD‐glucose by the bacterial and protozoal preparations was affected in incubationsin vitrocontaining increased concentrations of the α‐D‐isosaccharinic acid andD,L

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBarley variety NP 113 had higher accumulations of dry matter (DM) and starch than its high‐lysine mutant, Notch‐2, during grain development. Protein, amylose and amylopectin content per grain were lower in Notch‐2 than NP 113. Reducing sugars, free glucose, total fructose and non‐reducing sugars were 1.57–3.15‐fold in Notch‐2 grain as compared with NP 113 grain. DM, protein, starch, amylose and amylopectin per grain increased during grain development. Soluble sugar contents per grain were maximum at 24 days after anthesis. Lower DM accumulation in the Notch‐2 mutant as compared with its parent, NP 113, is due to lower starch deposition. Further, the limitation of starch synthesis in the Notch‐2 mutant is not due to any limitation in the supply of soluble

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivumL. em Thell.), one tall (Chris) and the other semi‐dwarf (Era), with different yields and grain protein potentials, were grown in controlled environment chambers to compare the nitrogen fractions, amino acids and nutritional quality in developing grains at 12, 22, 29 and 36 days after heading. The proportions of gliadin I, gliadin II and glutenin II increased and those of albumin and globulin decreased as the wheat cultivars matured. The amount of lysine, methionine, threonine, valine, tyrosine, alanine, aspartic acid and glycine was lower and that of glutamic acid and proline was higher with grain development in both cultivars. At 12 days after heading Era had a higher content of amino acids (16 g−1N) than Chris. Isoleucine was the first limiting amino acid in Era and Chris at the first collection period whereas at later stages lysine was the limiting amino acid in both cultivars. Chemical score, essential amino acid index, requirement index and calculated biological value all decreased as the grain matured and, except for the 12‐days collection period, the data were almost similar for both the cult

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA popular newly introduced rice variety Phalguna (RP 6–17) was found to be susceptible to the development of black colour at the tip of the grains. On parboiling the paddy, the degree of discoloration intensified and occasionally even the entire kernels were found to be discoloured. In the affected grains the breakages during milling were considerably higher than the unaffected grains. There was not much difference between the nutrient composition of the black tip and normal grains. However, contents of iron and free sugar were found to be higher in black tip grains than that in normal grains. A positive correlation between extent of discoloration of the grains and the glucosamine content was observed suggesting that this criterion could be used as an index of fungal contamination. Species ofAlternariaandCurvulariawere found to be more predominant in black tip raw rice than normal raw rice. Acute toxicity studies in chicks and ducklings and short‐term toxicity studies in rats did not indicate ill effe

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSix strawberry varieties were evaluated as raw materials for industrial jam production. The investigation involved chemical, physical and sensory analyses of fresh and frozen/thawed fruits as well as jam at the time of production and after 3 months of storage. Among the varieties studied, Jonsok and Senga Sengana appeared most suitable, followed by Bounty and Tenira. The other varieties, Fructana and Totem, were less satisfactory for this purpose. Based on linear correlation analyses (P<0.05), the relevance of various parameters in evaluating fruits intended for jam production is discussed. The results disclosed pH, titratable acids and sugars of fresh fruits to be less important to jam quality. High contents of soluble solids and ascorbic acid were related to undesirable flavour properties of jams. Further, high levels of ascorbic acid adversely affected colour stability. Colour degradation in jams was parallel to flavour deterioration. It is concluded that the main emphasis should be given to characteristics of the final products rather than to characteristics of the fresh fruits.

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe concentration of androstenone in the subcutaneous fat of commercial weight boars has been studied at two seasons of the year, one coincident with the natural mating period of the wild pig and the other 6 months later. Significant differences due to breed, season and rearing conditions were not sufficiently large to be of commercial importance. Boars raised mixed with gilts tended to have lower levels of androstenone than those raised with other boars, and the low level of male‐female interaction observed during growth seemed unlikely to effect adversely the flavour quality of meat from boars at any time of yea

ISSN:0022-5142    

DOI:10.1002/jsfa.2740330111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY