摘要:

ABSTRACT:It is estimated that by about 1984 water demand in the District will nearly equal Nature's average annual replenishment of the supply and that, thereafter, unless means are developed to augment our in‐District resources, water mining will be required on a grand scale. Sources of augmentation include: (1) reduction of wastes; (2) industrial recycling of previously‐used water; (3) use of municipal sewage effluents; (4) desalination of brackish ground water; (5) aquifer recharge from all available, high‐quality sources, particularly flood waters; and (6) importation of excess waters from such out‐of‐District sources as the lower courses of the Suwannee and Apalachicola Rivers. To achieve maximum beneficial uses of in‐District sources a regional water and sewer authority is needed that can develop and transmit water from all available sources to the various county and city systems on a wholesale basis. It is envisioned that such a supply system would tie together all production sources, much as the electrical generation and supply systems are currently organized into regional electric power hookups. At least two bills are currently before the Florida Legislature to achieve

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Planning an optimal system of activities for generating economic goods and services within an existing natural resource capacity is a difficult problem to solve. A mathematical programming model with the capacity to check multiple resource demand and supply compatibility over many time periods was developed for the solution to this type of problem. The characteristics of natural resource supply and the demand of activities were utilized to reduce the number of time periods and to minimize the loss of the dynamic reality of the problem. Reduction in the number of time periods extended the capability of the model to the solution of complex resource planning problems without oversimplification.

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00658.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This research examines the impact of high rates of interest upon the least cost system design for urban drainage systems when water quality is a critical parameter. Results of examination of twelve alternative system designs in a case study watershed indicate the least cost study design is highly sensitive to the rate of interest, but not sensitive to the water quality parameters. When the high rates of interest currently prevalent are introduced into the model those systems which contain open channel collection components are selected as the least cost system. At low rates of interest pipeline collection components are selected as the least cost system. Holding pond components of system design are cost effective at several levels of water quality. They are neutral to the rate of interest so they are incorporated in least cost systems at all the levels of interest rates. The results of the study indicate that at the current high rates of interest open channel collection systems and holding ponds are cost effective system components to achieve selected levels of water quality in urban drainage system design.

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00659.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Beginning of month water temperature profiles are estimated for each lake. These water temperature profiles along with surface water temperatures are used to determine the effects of thermal expansion and contraction of water on the net basin supply values obtained from water balance studies using end of month lake levels. It is demonstrated that net basin supply values (equivalent to precipitation on the lake minus the evaporation from the lake plus the runoff into the lake) obtained from water balance studies without accounting for the thermal expansion and contraction of water may be in error by as much as 100 percent during some months for each lake.

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00660.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Regional development and industrialization patterns are investigated and related via regression analysis to water resource investments for the island of Puerto Rico. Although results of this study indicate such investments have little immediate or short‐term impact, significant relationships and variations in regional responses appear over longer time periods. This is shown by applying a variation of Zellner's method of performing seemingly unrelated regressions jointly. By this method, subsets of parameter coefficients of specific economic variables were restricted across regional equations while unrestricted coefficients were interpreted as explaining systematic regional variations in response to public investment. Regional differences, obtained by using this method, are frequently neglected when simply examining the overall development process. Among the more interesting results in terms of policy implications is the apparent significant relationship, over the period considered, between changes in the distribution of income and the pattern of water resource developmen

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00661.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00662.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Asurrrogate‐prarmeterapproach to modeling groundwater basins is presented, which has the following advantages over current simulation‐type methods: (i) conducivness to modeling nonhomogeneous and nonisotropic basins; (ii) there is no need to guess boundary conditions if accurate information is not available; (iii) the model is amenable to systematic calibration or identification through the use of optimization techniques; and (iv) compatibility with systematic algorithms for analyzing a wide range of management strategies. Since the parameter identification problem is large‐scale and nonconvex, it is decomposed through application of generalized duality theory, into several subproblems of smaller size which are solved independently a number of times in order to achieve an overall solution. Results are presented for a hypothetical system of four interacting

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00663.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Recent advances in water quality modelling have pointed out the need for stochastic models to simulate the probabilistic nature of water quality. However, often all that is needed is an estimate of the uncertainty in predicting water quality variables. First order analysis is a simple method of providing an estimate in the uncertainty in a deterministic model due to uncertain parameters. The method is applied to the simplified Streeter‐Phelps equations for DO and BOD; a more complete Monte Carlo simulation is used to check the accuracy of the results. The first order analysis is found to give accurate estimates of means and variances of DO and BOD up to travel times exceeding the critical time. Uncertainty in travel time and the BOD decay constant are found to be most important for small travel times; uncertainty in the reaeration coefficient dominates near the critical time. Uncertainty in temperature was found to be a negligible source of uncertainty in DO for all travel time

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00664.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Middle and high management levels within water utilities would find their decision making activities greatly enhanced if provided with a set of techniques having the following characteristics: (1) the ability to procure information and knowledge about real‐life systems, (2) the ability to promote analysis of the real life system and (3) the capacity to gauge the impact of decisions. A model/simulation is presented, having the capability to mime operational aspects of water supply systems. The simulation produces time series of what are considered relevant operational variables. These series are amenable to analysis of both static and dynamic effects of alternative policies, changing environmental conditions and varying parametric specifications. Because of its modular structure and thead hocprogramming language utilized, it offers great flexibility. The model/simulation allows extensions, deletions and modifications without consequent reformulation or extensive reprogramming. It performs a number of statistical tests useful for its own verification and validation. Also available are a suggested methodology and procedures for model use, possible difficulties with data gathering and operation, plus an idea of what cannot be done with the currently extant model versio

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00665.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY