摘要:

ABSTRACT:While minimum variance theory appears to offer an explanation for the hydraulic behaviour and regularity among channel systems it is not entirely successful in predicting the regime of a channel system. In the case of the Namoi‐Gwydir river system the hydraulic variables velocity, depth, width, slope, friction, and shear appear to govern the behaviour and, hence regime of the channels. The significance of sediment load in determining regime could not be assesse

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1978.tb02120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:A simple simulator was constructed, calibrated, programmed and used in management studies of a hydraulic system containing two pumping stations in series, connected by canals and reservoirs. The features of the model, its calibration and use are described, and comparisons between measured and computed hydraulic behavior are presented.

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1978.tb02121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Economic analysis of irrigation production functions is discussed using linear programming. The method provides advantages over the partial one‐crop type of analyses because it captures intercrop tradeoffs in water and land use in response to economic policies or changes in water supply. A numerical example is use

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1978.tb02122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Two‐dimensional solutions for transient dispersion of nonconservative dispersants in uniform flow resulting from a transverse line source of variable concentration are obtained using multiple integral transformations. In general, the solutions are in integral forms, which can be efficiently evaluated using Filon's quadratures. Examples are presented for cases of practical interest. Applicability of the solution for modeling dispersion in natural river channel where the distribution of flows across the channel are nonuniform is discusse

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1978.tb02123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:For investments in water mains serving new households, consumer surplus benefits may far outweigh those measured by revenues recoupled from user fees. While consumer surplus might be capitalized in the value of sites with access to mains, empirical attempts to measure such capitalization have not proved inveriably successful. In this note an alternative technique based upon the direct estimation of the demand curve is applied. An analysis of Penang Island, Malaysia indicates that the consumer surplus benefits are one and one‐half times greater than the revenues recoupled through user fees. The applicability of this technique to cost‐benefit analysis of water supply investments is discus

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1978.tb02124.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The surrogate worth tradeoff method is utilized for evaluation of alternative sewage sludge disposal systems for the Boston, Massachusetts, area. The two objectives incorporated into a decision‐making framework are net economic benefit and level of environmental impac

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1978.tb02125.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Stream order systems provide useful classification methods according to the number of tributaries collected. In urban catchments, sewer line order is a concepot concept providing for the same type of classification. Horton's stream order system is used to classify sewers beginning with the smallest lines as first order to the largest main sewer which is sixth order for two catchments studied. Average tributary area, average length and number of lines are shown as functions of order. The bifurcation ratios are also presented. They can be used for finding the number of sewer lines in the next order. The number of first order lines depend on lot size and the bifurcation ratios vary widely.

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1978.tb02126.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The effects of changing nutrient inputs through land use management, waste water treatment, or effluent diversion are not clear, and managers are discovering that decisions which were effective in reversing eutrophication for one lake are often unsuccessful when applied to another. Simple empirical relationships are often used to predict the impact of management decisions. Errors in estimation could result in either substantial costs for overdesign or failure to meet desired eutrophication levels.This paper presents and illustrates a methodology to evaluate the impact of land use and water resource management decisions on lake eutrophication. The problems of worth of additional information, and uncertainty of estimates were handled within a cost‐effectiveness framework. The probability of exceeding a critical level of eutrophication was considered as a measure of effectiveness. The cost criterion is the expected value of opportunity costs, costs of analysis and costs of additional information.Uncertainty analysis techniques were used to estimate the effectiveness of various management alternatives. Bayesian methods can be utilized to determine the worth of additional information.The methodology was applied to Beseck Lake, Connecticut, and the cost and effectiveness measures estimated for a number of land management alternatives. Worth of additional information was not determined in this initial effort in uncertainty analysis for lake eutrophication managemen

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1978.tb02127.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:An ordered set of probability sensity functions was derived form transforms of the normal distribution. Variate transforms are based on orders of exponentiation. The set of distributions includes the log‐normal. a partial basis for use of these functins in hydrology is demonstrated by establishing some required properties. A concept of mixed samples of zero and nonzero elements forming nonseparable sets of virtual and real elements is introduced to establish a physical lower limit of sampled diata independent of functional bound

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1978.tb02128.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:An investigation of the erosion mechanics and washout time rates of erodible control embankments were made with hydraulic scale models in the laboratory. The water control dams have both homogeneous and cores. A wide range of configurations and layouts were tested and equations were developed to make possible the computation of erosion rates. Model scale relationships were analyzed from the developed equations and compared with the results obtained analytically from sediment transport equations.

ISSN:1093-474X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1978.tb02129.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY